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root/i-scream/projects/cms/source/host/c++/socket++-1.10/socket++.ps
Revision: 1.1
Committed: Mon Feb 26 15:01:39 2001 UTC (23 years, 9 months ago) by ab11
Content type: application/postscript
Branch: MAIN
CVS Tags: PROJECT_COMPLETION
Log Message: 
Networking class. Assumed to be bug free.

File Contents

# User Rev Content
1 ab11 1.1 %!PS-Adobe-2.0
2     %%Creator: dvips, version 5.41 (C) 1986-90 Radical Eye Software
3     %%Title: socket++.dvi
4     %%Pages: 56 1
5     %%BoundingBox: 0 0 612 792
6     %%EndComments
7     %%BeginProcSet: tex.pro
8     /TeXDict 200 dict def TeXDict begin /N /def load def /B{bind def}N /S /exch
9     load def /X{S N}B /TR /translate load N /isls false N /vsize 10 N /@rigin{
10     isls{[0 1 -1 0 0 0]concat}if 72 Resolution div 72 VResolution div neg scale
11     Resolution VResolution vsize neg mul TR matrix currentmatrix dup dup 4 get
12     round 4 exch put dup dup 5 get round 5 exch put setmatrix}B /@letter{/vsize 10
13     N}B /@landscape{/isls true N /vsize -1 N}B /@a4{/vsize 10.6929133858 N}B /@a3{
14     /vsize 15.5531 N}B /@ledger{/vsize 16 N}B /@legal{/vsize 13 N}B /@manualfeed{
15     statusdict /manualfeed true put}B /@copies{/#copies X}B /FMat[1 0 0 -1 0 0]N
16     /FBB[0 0 0 0]N /df{/sf 1 N /fntrx FMat N df-tail}B /dfs{div /sf X /fntrx[sf 0
17     0 sf neg 0 0]N df-tail}B /df-tail{/nn 8 dict N nn begin /FontType 3 N
18     /FontMatrix fntrx N /FontBBox FBB N string /base X array /BitMaps X /BuildChar
19     {CharBuilder}N /Encoding IE N end dup{/foo setfont}2 array copy cvx N load 0
20     nn put /ctr 0 N[}B /E{pop nn dup definefont setfont}B /ch-image{ch-data dup
21     type /stringtype ne{ctr get /ctr ctr 1 add N}if}B /ch-width{ch-data dup length
22     5 sub get}B /ch-height{ch-data dup length 4 sub get}B /ch-xoff{128 ch-data dup
23     length 3 sub get sub}B /ch-yoff{ch-data dup length 2 sub get 127 sub}B /ch-dx{
24     ch-data dup length 1 sub get}B /ctr 0 N /CharBuilder{save 3 1 roll S dup /base
25     get 2 index get S /BitMaps get S get /ch-data X pop /ctr 0 N ch-dx 0 ch-xoff
26     ch-yoff ch-height sub ch-xoff ch-width add ch-yoff setcachedevice ch-width
27     ch-height true[1 0 0 -1 -.1 ch-xoff sub ch-yoff .1 add]{ch-image}imagemask
28     restore}B /D{/cc X dup type /stringtype ne{]}if nn /base get cc ctr put nn
29     /BitMaps get S ctr S sf 1 ne{dup dup length 1 sub dup 2 index S get sf div put
30     }if put /ctr ctr 1 add N}B /I{cc 1 add D}B /bop{userdict /bop-hook known{
31     bop-hook}if /SI save N @rigin 0 0 moveto}B /eop{clear SI restore showpage
32     userdict /eop-hook known{eop-hook}if}B /@start{userdict /start-hook known{
33     start-hook}if /VResolution X /Resolution X 1000 div /DVImag X /IE 256 array N
34     0 1 255{IE S 1 string dup 0 3 index put cvn put}for}B /p /show load N /RMat[1
35     0 0 -1 0 0]N /BDot 260 string N /v{/ruley X /rulex X V}B /V{gsave TR -.1 -.1
36     TR 1 ruley scale rulex 1 false RMat{BDot}imagemask grestore}B /a{moveto}B
37     /delta 0 N /tail{dup /delta X 0 rmoveto}B /M{S p delta add tail}B /b{S p tail}
38     B /c{-4 M}B /d{-3 M}B /e{-2 M}B /f{-1 M}B /g{0 M}B /h{1 M}B /i{2 M}B /j{3 M}B
39     /k{4 M}B /l{p -4 w}B /m{p -3 w}B /n{p -2 w}B /o{p -1 w}B /q{p 1 w}B /r{p 2 w}
40     B /s{p 3 w}B /t{p 4 w}B /w{0 rmoveto}B /x{0 S rmoveto}B /y{3 2 roll p a}B /bos
41     {/SS save N}B /eos{clear SS restore}B end
42     %%EndProcSet
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1217     F007E1F014147D9318>97 D<7E0000FE00007E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E3E00
1218     0EFF800FFFC00FC1E00F80E00F00700E00700E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380F0070
1219     0F00700F80E00FC1E00FFFC00EFF80063E00151C809B18>I<01FE0007FF001FFF803E07803803
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1227     0001C00001C00001C00001C0007FFF007FFF007FFF00131C7F9B18>I<01E1F007FFF80FFFF81E
1228     1E301C0E003807003807003807003807003807001C0E001E1E001FFC001FF80039E0003800001C
1229     00001FFE001FFFC03FFFE07801F0700070E00038E00038E00038E000387800F07E03F01FFFC00F
1230     FF8001FC00151F7F9318>I<7E0000FE00007E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E3E00
1231     0EFF800FFFC00FC1C00F80E00F00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E0
1232     0E00E00E00E00E00E07FC3FCFFE7FE7FC3FC171C809B18>I<03800007C00007C00007C0000380
1233     000000000000000000000000007FC000FFC0007FC00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C0
1234     0001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C000FFFF00FFFF80FFFF00111D7C9C18
1235     >I<0038007C007C007C003800000000000000000FFC1FFC0FFC001C001C001C001C001C001C00
1236     1C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C6038F078FFF07FE0
1237     3F800E277E9C18>I<FE0000FE0000FE00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E3FF00E7FF0
1238     0E3FF00E07800E0F000E1E000E3C000E78000EF0000FF8000FFC000F9C000F0E000E0F000E0700
1239     0E03800E03C0FFC7F8FFC7F8FFC7F8151C7F9B18>I<7FE000FFE0007FE00000E00000E00000E0
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1242     FFFBF8007FFFF8001F1F1C001E1E1C001E1E1C001C1C1C001C1C1C001C1C1C001C1C1C001C1C1C
1243     001C1C1C001C1C1C001C1C1C001C1C1C001C1C1C001C1C1C007F1F1F00FFBFBF807F1F1F001914
1244     819318>I<7E3E00FEFF807FFFC00FC1C00F80E00F00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E
1245     00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E07FC3FCFFE7FE7FC3FC1714809318>I<01F0000FFE00
1246     1FFF003E0F803803807001C07001C0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E0F001E07001C07803C0
1247     3C07803E0F801FFF000FFE0001F00013147E9318>I<7E3E00FEFF807FFFC00FC1E00F80E00F00
1248     700E00700E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380F00700F00700F80E00FC1E00FFFC00EFF
1249     800E3E000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00007FC000FFE0007FC000151E809318
1250     >I<01E38007FB801FFF803E1F80380F80700780700780E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E0
1251     0380700780700780380F803C1F801FFF800FFB8003E38000038000038000038000038000038000
1252     0380000380003FF8003FF8003FF8151E7E9318>I<7F87E0FF9FF07FBFF803F87803F03003E000
1253     03C00003C0000380000380000380000380000380000380000380000380000380007FFE00FFFF00
1254     7FFE0015147F9318>I<07F7003FFF007FFF00780F00E00700E00700E007007C00007FE0001FFC
1255     0003FE00001F00600780E00380E00380F00380F80F00FFFF00FFFC00E7F00011147D9318>I<01
1256     80000380000380000380000380007FFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC003800003800003800003800003800003
1257     80000380000380000380000380400380E00380E00380E001C1C001FFC000FF80003E0013197F98
1258     18>I<7E07E0FE0FE07E07E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E0
1259     0E00E00E00E00E00E00E01E00F03E007FFFC03FFFE01FCFC1714809318>I<7F8FF0FF8FF87F8F
1260     F01E03C00E03800E03800E0380070700070700070700038E00038E00038E00038E0001DC0001DC
1261     0001DC0000F80000F80000700015147F9318>I<FF8FF8FF8FF8FF8FF83800E03800E03800E01C
1262     01C01C01C01C71C01CF9C01CF9C01CD9C01CD9C00DDD800DDD800DDD800D8D800F8F800F8F8007
1263     070015147F9318>I<7F8FF07F9FF07F8FF0070700078E00039E0001DC0001F80000F800007000
1264     00F00000F80001DC00039E00038E000707000F07807F8FF0FF8FF87F8FF015147F9318>I<7F8F
1265     F0FF8FF87F8FF00E01C00E03800E0380070380070700070700038700038600038E0001CE0001CE
1266     0000CC0000CC0000DC0000780000780000780000700000700000700000F00000E00079E0007BC0
1267     007F80003F00001E0000151E7F9318>I<3FFFF07FFFF07FFFF07001E07003C0700780000F0000
1268     1E00003C0000F80001F00003C0000780000F00701E00703C0070780070FFFFF0FFFFF0FFFFF014
1269     147F9318>I<0007E0001FE0007FE000780000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E000
1270     00E00000E00000E00000E00001E0007FC000FF8000FF80007FC00001E00000E00000E00000E000
1271     00E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E000007800007FE0001FE00007E013247E
1272     9F18>I<60F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0
1273     600424769F18>I<7C0000FF0000FFC00003C00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000
1274     E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000F000007FC0003FE0003FE0007FC000F00000E00000E00000
1275     E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00003C000FFC000FF00007C000013
1276     247E9F18>I<060C1F1E3FBEFBF8F1F060C00F067C9B18>I E /Fp 10 117
1277     df<0000001FFE000060000003FFFFE000E000001FFFFFF801E000007FFFFFFE03E00001FFFC00
1278     FF07E00007FFC0001FCFE0000FFF000007FFE0001FFC000001FFE0003FF0000000FFE0007FE000
1279     00007FE000FFC00000003FE001FF800000001FE003FF000000000FE007FF000000000FE00FFE00
1280     00000007E00FFE0000000007E01FFC0000000003E01FFC0000000003E03FF80000000003E03FF8
1281     0000000001E03FF80000000001E07FF80000000001E07FF80000000001E07FF00000000000007F
1282     F0000000000000FFF0000000000000FFF0000000000000FFF0000000000000FFF0000000000000
1283     FFF0000000000000FFF0000000000000FFF0000000000000FFF0000000000000FFF00000000000
1284     00FFF0000000000000FFF00000000000007FF00000000000007FF00000000000007FF800000000
1285     00007FF80000000001E03FF80000000001E03FF80000000001E03FF80000000001E01FFC000000
1286     0001E01FFC0000000003C00FFE0000000003C00FFE0000000003C007FF00000000078003FF0000
1287     0000078001FF800000000F0000FFC00000001F00007FE00000003E00003FF00000007C00001FFC
1288     000000F800000FFF000003F0000007FFC0000FE0000001FFFC007F800000007FFFFFFF00000000
1289     1FFFFFFC0000000003FFFFE000000000001FFE0000003B3D7BBB46>67 D<0003FF000300003FFF
1290     E0070000FFFFFC0F0001FFFFFE1F0003FE00FF3F0007F0001FFF000FE00007FF001FC00001FF00
1291     3F800000FF003F800000FF007F0000007F007F0000003F007F0000003F00FF0000001F00FF0000
1292     001F00FF0000001F00FF8000000F00FF8000000F00FFC000000F00FFC000000F00FFF000000000
1293     7FF8000000007FFF800000003FFFF80000003FFFFFC000001FFFFFFC00001FFFFFFF00000FFFFF
1294     FFC00007FFFFFFF00003FFFFFFF80000FFFFFFFC00007FFFFFFE00001FFFFFFE000003FFFFFF00
1295     00001FFFFF80000001FFFF800000000FFFC000000003FFC000000000FFC0000000007FE0000000
1296     007FE0700000003FE0F00000003FE0F00000001FE0F00000001FE0F00000001FE0F80000001FE0
1297     F80000001FC0F80000001FC0FC0000001FC0FC0000003F80FE0000003F80FF0000003F00FFC000
1298     007F00FFE00000FE00FFFC0001FC00FDFFC00FF800F87FFFFFF000F01FFFFFC000E003FFFF0000
1299     C0003FF800002B3D7BBB36>83 D<003FFE00000001FFFFE0000007FFFFF800000FE007FC00000F
1300     F001FE00001FF800FF00001FF8007F80001FF8007FC0001FF8003FC0000FF0003FE00007E0003F
1301     E00003C0003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000FFFFE00000
1302     1FFFFFE000007FF83FE00003FF803FE00007FC003FE0000FF0003FE0001FE0003FE0003FE0003F
1303     E0007FC0003FE0007FC0003FE000FF80003FE000FF80003FE000FF80003FE000FF80003FE000FF
1304     80007FE0007FC0007FE0007FC000DFE0003FE0039FF0001FF80F0FFFE007FFFE0FFFE001FFF807
1305     FFE0003FE000FFE02B267DA52F>97 D<0001FFF000000FFFFE00003FFFFF8000FF801FC001FE00
1306     3FC003FC007FE007F8007FE00FF0007FE01FF0007FE03FE0003FC03FE0001F807FE0000F007FC0
1307     0000007FC00000007FC0000000FFC0000000FFC0000000FFC0000000FFC0000000FFC0000000FF
1308     C0000000FFC0000000FFC00000007FC00000007FC00000007FE00000007FE00000003FE0000000
1309     3FF00000F01FF00000F00FF80001E007F80001E003FC0003C001FF000F8000FFC03F00003FFFFE
1310     00000FFFF8000001FFC00024267DA52B>99 D<0001FF8000000FFFF000003FFFFC0000FF81FE00
1311     03FE007F8007F8003F800FF8001FC00FF0000FE01FE0000FE03FE0000FF03FE00007F07FC00007
1312     F07FC00007F87FC00007F8FFC00007F8FFC00007F8FFFFFFFFF8FFFFFFFFF8FFFFFFFFF8FFC000
1313     0000FFC0000000FFC0000000FFC00000007FC00000007FC00000007FC00000003FE00000003FE0
1314     0000781FE00000781FF00000780FF00000F007F80001F003FC0003E001FE000FC000FFC07F8000
1315     3FFFFE00000FFFF8000000FFC00025267DA52C>101 D<00FE00000000FFFE00000000FFFE0000
1316     0000FFFE00000000FFFE0000000007FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003
1317     FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000
1318     000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003FE0000000003
1319     FE001FFFF003FE001FFFF003FE001FFFF003FE001FFFF003FE0003FC0003FE0003F00003FE0007
1320     E00003FE001F800003FE003F000003FE007E000003FE00FC000003FE03F8000003FE07E0000003
1321     FE0FC0000003FE1F80000003FE3FC0000003FEFFE0000003FFFFF0000003FFFFF0000003FFFFF8
1322     000003FFCFFC000003FF07FE000003FE03FF000003FC03FF000003FC01FF800003FC00FFC00003
1323     FC007FE00003FC003FE00003FC003FF00003FC001FF80003FC000FFC0003FC0007FC0003FC0007
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1325     107 D<00FE00FFFE00FFFE00FFFE00FFFE0007FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE00
1326     03FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE0003FE00
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1331     0007F8001FE00003FC003FE00003FE003FE00003FE007FC00001FF007FC00001FF007FC00001FF
1332     007FC00001FF00FFC00001FF80FFC00001FF80FFC00001FF80FFC00001FF80FFC00001FF80FFC0
1333     0001FF80FFC00001FF80FFC00001FF80FFC00001FF807FC00001FF007FC00001FF007FC00001FF
1334     003FE00003FE003FE00003FE001FE00003FC001FF00007FC000FF00007F80007F8000FF00003FE
1335     003FE00000FF80FF8000007FFFFF0000000FFFF800000001FFC0000029267DA530>111
1336     D<003FF07003FFFEF007FFFFF01FC01FF03F0003F03E0001F07C0001F07C0000F0FC0000F0FC00
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1338     FFFFF000FFFFF8001FFFFC00007FFC000007FE700001FEF00000FEF000007EF800007EF800007E
1339     FC00007EFC00007CFE0000FCFF0000F8FF8001F0FFF00FE0F9FFFFC0F07FFF00C01FF8001F267D
1340     A526>115 D<000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000001F0000001F0000001F000000
1341     1F0000003F0000003F0000007F0000007F000000FF000001FF000003FF000007FF00001FFFFFF0
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1344     000001FF000001FF000001FF003C01FF003C01FF003C01FF003C01FF003C01FF003C01FF003C01
1345     FF003C00FF007800FF8078007F80F0003FC1E0001FFFC0000FFF800001FE001E377EB626>I
1346     E end
1347     %%EndProlog
1348     %%BeginSetup
1349     %%Feature: *Resolution 300
1350     TeXDict begin
1351     %%EndSetup
1352     %%Page: 1 1
1353     bop 0 693 a Fp(C)p Fo(++)32 b Fp(So)s(c)m(k)m(et)h(Classes)p
1354     0 726 1950 17 v 1535 774 a Fn(V)l(ersion:)21 b(27Jan94)14 b(1.6)0
1355     2545 y Fm(Gnanasek)l(aran)23 b(Sw)n(aminathan)p 0 2570 1950
1356     9 v eop
1357     %%Page: 2 2
1358     bop 0 2076 a Fn(Cop)o(yrigh)o(t)226 2075 y(c)214 2076 y Fl(\015)15
1359     b Fn(1992,1993,199)o(4)d(Gnanasek)m(aran)j(Sw)o(aminathan)0
1360     2337 y(This)h(is)f(V)l(ersion:)21 b(27Jan94)15 b(1.6)f(of)h(the)g(C)p
1361     Fo(++)g Fn(family)g(of)g(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)g(classes.)0 2599
1362     y(P)o(ermission)g(is)g(gran)o(ted)f(to)g(mak)o(e)g(and)h(distribute)h(v)o
1363     (erbatim)e(copies)i(of)e(this)h(do)q(cumen)o(t)g(pro)o(vided)g(the)g(cop)o
1364     (y-)0 2661 y(righ)o(t)g(notice)h(and)f(this)h(p)q(ermission)g(notice)g(are)f
1365     (preserv)o(ed)h(on)f(all)h(copies.)p eop
1366     %%Page: 1 3
1367     bop 0 -58 a Fn(So)q(c)o(k)o(et)p Fo(++)15 b Fn(Library)g(Cop)o(yrigh)o(t)g
1368     (Notice)1231 b(1)0 183 y Fk(So)r(c)n(k)n(et)p Fj(++)15 b Fk(Library)f(Cop)n
1369     (yrigh)n(t)h(Notice)62 370 y Fn(Cop)o(yrigh)o(t)g(\(C\))f(1992,1993,199)o(4)e
1370     (Gnanasek)m(aran)j(Sw)o(aminathan)62 507 y(P)o(ermission)h(is)g(gran)o(ted)e
1371     (to)h(use)g(at)g(y)o(our)g(o)o(wn)f(risk)i(and)f(distribute)i(this)e(soft)o
1372     (w)o(are)f(in)i(source)f(and)g(binary)0 569 y(forms)j(pro)o(vided)h(the)g(ab)
1373     q(o)o(v)o(e)g(cop)o(yrigh)o(t)f(notice)h(and)g(this)g(paragraph)f(are)h
1374     (preserv)o(ed)g(on)f(all)i(copies.)31 b(This)0 632 y(soft)o(w)o(are)13
1375     b(is)j(pro)o(vided)g Fo(")p Fn(as)f(is)p Fo(")g Fn(with)h(no)f(express)g(or)g
1376     (implied)j(w)o(arran)o(t)o(y)l(.)p eop
1377     %%Page: 2 4
1378     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Ac)o(kno)o(wledgmen)o(ts)1572 b(2)0 183 y Fk(Ac)n(kno)n
1379     (wledgmen)n(ts)62 370 y Fn(Gordon)16 b(Joly)i Fo(<)p Fn(G.Joly)p
1380     Fo(@)p Fn(cs.ucl.ac.uk)p Fo(>)e Fn(for)h(rep)q(orting)g(bugs)f(in)i(pip)q
1381     (estream)g(class)f(implemen)o(tation)h(and)0 432 y(pro)o(viding)c(an)e(ftp)h
1382     (site)g(for)f(the)h(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)p Fo(++)f Fn(library)h(at)f
1383     (cs.ucl.ac.uk:)p Fo(~)p Fn(ftp/coside/gn)o(u/so)q(c)o(k)o(et)p
1384     Fo(++)p Fn(-1.x.tar.gz)e(He)0 495 y(also)15 b(kno)o(ws)g(ho)o(w)f(to)h(mak)o
1385     (e)g(the)g(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)p Fo(++)f Fn(library)i(a)f(shared)h(library)l(.)62
1386     632 y(Jim)g(Anderson)g(for)f(rep)q(orting)g(a)g(bug)g(in)h(so)q(c)o(kinet.C)
1387     62 769 y(Carl)f(Ga)o(y)g Fo(<)p Fn(cga)o(y)p Fo(@)p Fn
1388     (skinner.cs.uoregon.edu)p Fo(>)f Fn(for)h(rep)q(orting)g(a)g(bug)h(and)f(a)g
1389     (\014x)g(in)h(so)q(c)o(kinet.C)62 906 y(Oliv)o(er)j(Im)o(busc)o(h)f
1390     Fo(<)p Fn(\015ab)q(es)p Fo(@)p Fn(parystec.de)p Fo(>)g Fn(for)f(rep)q(orting)
1391     h(a)f(bug)h(in)g(Mak)o(e\014le.in)g(and)g(suggesting)g(sev)o(eral)0
1392     968 y(enhancemen)o(ts)e(for)e(so)q(c)o(kbuf)i(class.)62 1105
1393     y(Dierk)g(W)l(endt)f Fo(<)p Fn(w)o(endt)p Fo(@)p Fn(lam)o(b)q(da.hella.de)p
1394     Fo(>)i Fn(for)d(rep)q(orting)i(errors)e(in)i(the)f(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)p
1395     Fo(++)g Fn(do)q(cumen)o(tation.)62 1242 y(P)o(er)g(Bothner)h
1396     Fo(<)p Fn(b)q(othner)p Fo(@)p Fn(cygn)o(us.com)p Fo(>)f Fn(for)f
1397     (con\014gure,)i(con\014g.sub,)f(con\014g.shared)g(and)h(mo)o(v)o(e-if-c)o
1398     (hange)0 1304 y(\014les)h(that)d(are)i(used)g(to)f(generate)g(Mak)o(e\014le.)
1399     21 b(These)16 b(\014les)h(are)e(tak)o(en)g(from)g(his)h(libg)p
1400     Fo(++)p Fn(-2.4)g(and)f(hence,)i(these)0 1366 y(\014les)f(are)f(go)o(v)o
1401     (erned)g(b)o(y)g(the)g(Cop)o(yrigh)o(t)g(Notice)g(found)h(in)g(the)f(\014le)i
1402     (LICENCE)e(in)h(libg)p Fo(++)p Fn(.)p eop
1403     %%Page: 3 5
1404     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(1:)k(Ov)o(erview)d(of)f(So)q(c)o(k)o(et)p
1405     Fo(++)g Fn(Library)1102 b(3)0 183 y Fk(1)41 b(Ov)n(erview)13
1406     b(of)i(So)r(c)n(k)n(et)p Fj(++)f Fk(Library)62 370 y Fn(So)q(c)o(k)o(et)p
1407     Fo(++)h Fn(library)h(de\014nes)g(a)f(family)h(of)f(C)p Fo(++)f
1408     Fn(classes)i(that)f(can)g(b)q(e)h(used)g(more)e(e\013ectiv)o(ely)j(than)e
1409     (directly)0 432 y(calling)h(the)e(underlying)j(lo)o(w-lev)o(el)e(system)f
1410     (functions.)20 b(One)c(distinct)f(adv)m(an)o(tage)f(of)g(the)g(so)q(c)o(k)o
1411     (et)p Fo(++)f Fn(is)i(that)f(it)0 495 y(has)f(the)g(same)f(in)o(terface)i(as)
1412     e(that)g(of)h(the)g(iostream)f(so)h(that)f(the)h(users)g(can)g(p)q(erform)g
1413     (t)o(yp)q(e-safe)g(input)h(output.)0 557 y(See)i(y)o(our)e(lo)q(cal)j
1414     (IOStream)e(library)h(do)q(cumen)o(tation)g(for)e(more)h(information)h(on)f
1415     (iostreams.)62 694 y Fo(streambuf)f Fn(coun)o(terpart)h(of)f(the)i(so)q(c)o
1416     (k)o(et)p Fo(++)e Fn(is)i Fo(sockbuf)p Fn(.)i Fo(sockbuf)d
1417     Fn(is)g(an)g(endp)q(oin)o(t)i(for)d(comm)o(unication)0 756
1418     y(with)k(y)o(et)f(another)g Fo(sockbuf)g Fn(or)g(simply)i(a)e
1419     Fo(socket)g Fn(descriptor.)28 b Fo(sockbuf)16 b Fn(has)i(also)f(metho)q(ds)h
1420     (that)f(act)g(as)0 818 y(in)o(terfaces)d(for)f(most)g(of)h(the)g(commonly)g
1421     (used)h(system)e(calls)i(that)e(in)o(v)o(olv)o(e)i(so)q(c)o(k)o(ets.)j(See)d
1422     (Chapter)f(2)f([so)q(c)o(kbuf)0 881 y(Class],)h(page)i(4,)e(for)h(more)f
1423     (information)i(on)f(the)g(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)g(bu\013er)g(class.)62
1424     1018 y(F)l(or)f(eac)o(h)h(comm)o(unication)g(domain,)g(w)o(e)f(deriv)o(e)i(a)
1425     e(new)h(class)g(from)e Fo(sockbuf)h Fn(that)g(has)g(some)h(additional)0
1426     1080 y(metho)q(ds)h(that)f(are)h(sp)q(eci\014c)i(to)d(that)g(domain.)23
1427     b(A)o(t)15 b(presen)o(t,)h(only)g Fi(unix)k Fn(and)c Fi(inet)i
1428     Fn(domains)e(are)g(supp)q(orted.)0 1142 y Fo(sockunixbuf)d
1429     Fn(class)h(and)h Fo(sockinetbuf)e Fn(class)h(de\014ne)i(the)e
1430     Fi(unix)19 b Fn(and)14 b Fi(inet)i Fn(domain)f(of)f(so)q(c)o(k)o(ets)f(resp)q
1431     (ectiv)o(ely)l(.)0 1204 y(See)h(Chapter)f(6)g([so)q(c)o(kunixbuf)h(Class],)f
1432     (page)g(21,)f(for)h Fi(unix)k Fn(so)q(c)o(k)o(ets)c(and)g(See)h(Chapter)f(4)g
1433     ([so)q(c)o(kinetbuf)h(Class],)0 1267 y(page)h(14,)f(for)h Fi(inet)i
1434     Fn(so)q(c)o(k)o(ets.)62 1404 y(W)l(e)e(also)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(domain)g(sp)q
1435     (eci\014c)i(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)e(address)g(classes)g(that)f(are)h(deriv)o(ed)h
1436     (from)e(a)h(common)g(base)g(class)0 1466 y(called)g Fo(sockAddr)p
1437     Fn(.)j Fo(sockunixaddr)11 b Fn(class)j(is)g(used)g(for)e Fi(unix)18
1438     b Fn(domain)13 b(addresses)h(and)f Fo(sockinetaddr)f Fn(class)h(is)0
1439     1528 y(used)j(for)f Fi(inet)i Fn(domain)f(addresses.)21 b(F)l(or)15
1440     b(more)g(information)h(on)f(address)h(classes)g(see)g(Chapter)f(3)g([so)q(c)o
1441     (kAddr)0 1590 y(Class],)22 b(page)f(13,)h(Chapter)f(7)g([so)q(c)o(kunixaddr)h
1442     (Class],)g(page)f(25,)h(and)f(Chapter)g(5)g([so)q(c)o(kinetaddr)h(Class],)0
1443     1653 y(page)15 b(19.)120 1790 y Fi(Note)s Fn(:)i Fo(sockAddr)9
1444     b Fn(is)j(not)e(sp)q(elled)j Fo(sockaddr)d Fn(in)h(order)g(to)f(prev)o(en)o
1445     (t)h(name)f(clash)i(with)f(the)g Fo(struct)120 1840 y(sockaddr)j
1446     Fn(declared)i(in)h(`)p Fo(<sys/socket.h>)p Fn('.)62 2051 y(W)l(e)k(noted)f
1447     (earlier)i(that)d(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)p Fo(++)h Fn(pro)o(vides)h(the)f(same)g(in)
1448     o(terface)h(as)f(the)g(iostream)g(library)l(.)37 b(F)l(or)20
1449     b(ex-)0 2114 y(ample,)e(in)f(the)g(in)o(ternet)h(domain,)f(w)o(e)g(ha)o(v)o
1450     (e)f Fo(isockinet)p Fn(,)g Fo(osockinet)p Fn(,)g(and)h Fo(iosockinet)f
1451     Fn(classes)h(that)f(are)0 2176 y(coun)o(terparts)e(to)g Fo(istream)p
1452     Fn(,)f Fo(ostream)p Fn(,)g(and)i Fo(iostream)e Fn(classes)i(of)f(IOStream)h
1453     (library)l(.)21 b(F)l(or)13 b(more)i(details)g(on)0 2238 y
1454     Fo(iosockstream)f Fn(classes)h(see)h(See)g(Chapter)e(8)h([so)q(c)o(kstream)f
1455     (Classes],)h(page)g(26.)62 2375 y(The)c(services)g(of)e Fo(pipe\(\))p
1456     Fn(,)h Fo(socketpair\(\))p Fn(,)f(and)i Fo(popen\(\))e Fn(system)h(calls)h
1457     (are)f(pro)o(vided)h(b)o(y)f(the)g Fo(pipestream)0 2437 y Fn(class.)20
1458     b(See)c(Chapter)f(9)g([pip)q(estream)g(Classes],)g(page)g(33.)p
1459     eop
1460     %%Page: 4 6
1461     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(2:)k Fo(sockbuf)c Fn(Class)1408
1462     b(4)0 183 y Fk(2)41 b Fj(sockbuf)14 b Fk(Class)62 383 y Fo(sockbuf)h
1463     Fn(class)g(is)h(deriv)o(ed)h(from)d Fo(streambuf)h Fn(class)g(of)g(the)h
1464     (iostream)f(library)l(.)21 b(Y)l(ou)16 b(can)g(sim)o(ultaneously)0
1465     445 y(read)d(and)h(write)g(in)o(to)f(a)g Fo(sockbuf)f Fn(just)i(lik)o(e)g(y)o
1466     (ou)f(can)h(listen)h(and)e(talk)h(through)f(a)g(telephone.)20
1467     b(T)l(o)14 b(accomplish)0 508 y(the)h(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)g(goal,)g(w)o(e)g(main)o
1468     (tain)g(t)o(w)o(o)f(indep)q(enden)o(t)k(bu\013ers)d(for)f(reading)i(and)f
1469     (writing.)0 755 y Fm(2.1)33 b(Constructors)62 895 y Fo(sockbuf)13
1470     b Fn(constructors)g(sets)h(up)g(an)g(endp)q(oin)o(t)h(for)e(comm)o
1471     (unication.)20 b(A)14 b Fo(sockbuf)f Fn(ob)s(ject)g(so)h(created)g(can)0
1472     957 y(b)q(e)19 b(read)e(from)h(and)g(written)g(to)f(in)i(linebu\013ered)h(mo)
1473     q(de.)28 b(T)l(o)18 b(c)o(hange)g(mo)q(de,)g(refer)g(to)f Fo(streambuf)g
1474     Fn(class)h(in)0 1020 y(y)o(our)d(IOStream)g(library)l(.)120
1475     1159 y Fi(Note)s Fn(:)20 b(If)c(y)o(ou)f(are)g(using)h(A)l(T&T)g(IOStream)g
1476     (library)l(,)g(then)g(the)g(linebu\013ered)i(mo)q(de)e(is)g(p)q(erma-)120
1477     1209 y(nen)o(tly)g(turned)h(o\013.)k(Th)o(us,)15 b(y)o(ou)h(need)g(to)f
1478     (explicitly)k(\015ush)d(a)g(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)f(stream.)21 b(Y)l(ou)16
1479     b(can)g(\015ush)g(a)120 1259 y(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)f(stream)f(bu\013er)h(in)h
1480     (one)g(of)e(the)i(follo)o(wing)f(four)g(w)o(a)o(ys:)335 1386
1481     y Fo(//)24 b(os)g(is)f(a)h(socket)f(ostream)335 1436 y(os)h(<<)g("this)f(is)g
1482     (a)h(test")f(<<)h(endl;)335 1486 y(os)g(<<)g("this)f(is)g(a)h(test\\n")f(<<)h
1483     (flush;)335 1535 y(os)g(<<)g("this)f(is)g(a)h(test\\n";)f(os.flush)g(\(\);)
1484     335 1585 y(os)h(<<)g("this)f(is)g(a)h(test\\n";)f(os->sync)g(\(\);)62
1485     1802 y(sockbuf)14 b Fn(ob)s(jects)h(are)g(created)g(as)g(follo)o(ws)g(where)
1486     25 1942 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(s)15 b Fn(and)g Fo(so)g Fn(are)g
1487     Fo(sockbuf)f Fn(ob)s(jects)25 2019 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(sd)15
1488     b Fn(is)h(an)f(in)o(teger)g(whic)o(h)h(is)g(a)f(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)f(descriptor)
1489     25 2096 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(af)15 b Fn(and)g Fo(proto)g Fn(are)g(in)o(tegers)g
1490     (whic)o(h)h(denote)f(domain)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(and)f(proto)q(col)g(n)o(um)o
1491     (b)q(er)h(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)25 2174 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(ty)17
1492     b Fn(is)g(a)g Fo(sockbuf::type)e Fn(and)j(m)o(ust)e(b)q(e)i(one)f(of)g
1493     Fo(sockbuf::sock_stream)p Fn(,)d Fo(sockbuf::sock_dgram)p Fn(,)90
1494     2236 y Fo(sockbuf::sock_raw)p Fn(,)e Fo(sockbuf::sock_rdm)p
1495     Fn(,)h(and)i Fo(sockbuf::sock_seqpacket)0 2376 y(sockbuf)f(s\(sd\);)0
1496     2438 y(sockbuf)g(s;)240 2515 y Fn(Set)h(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)g(descriptor)h(of)e
1497     Fo(s)h Fn(to)g Fo(sd)g Fn(\(defaults)g(to)g(-1\).)k Fo(sockbuf)14
1498     b Fn(destructor)h(will)i(close)f Fo(sd)p Fn(.)0 2593 y Fo(sockbuf)e(s\(af,)h
1499     (ty,)f(proto\);)240 2670 y Fn(Set)h(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)g(descriptor)h(of)e
1500     Fo(s)h Fn(to)g Fo(::socket\(af,)e(int\(ty\),)h(proto\);)p eop
1501     %%Page: 5 7
1502     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(2:)k Fo(sockbuf)c Fn(Class)1408
1503     b(5)0 183 y Fo(sockbuf)14 b(so\(s\);)240 259 y Fn(Set)h(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)g
1504     (descriptor)h(of)e Fo(so)h Fn(to)g(the)g(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)g(descriptor)g(of)g
1505     Fo(s)p Fn(.)0 334 y Fo(s.open\(ty,)f(proto\))240 409 y Fn(do)q(es)i(nothing)f
1506     (and)h(returns)f(simply)h Fo(0)p Fn(,)f(the)g(n)o(ull)i(p)q(oin)o(ter)e(to)g
1507     Fo(sockbuf)p Fn(.)0 485 y Fo(s.is_open\(\))240 560 y Fn(returns)g(a)g
1508     (non-zero)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(if)g(the)f(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)g(descriptor)g(is)h
1509     (op)q(en)g(else)g(return)f(0.)0 635 y Fo(s)g(=)g(so;)90 b Fn(return)15
1510     b(a)g(reference)h Fo(s)f Fn(after)f(assigning)i Fo(s)f Fn(with)h
1511     Fo(so)p Fn(.)0 865 y Fm(2.2)33 b(Destructor)62 1002 y Fo
1512     (sockbuf::~sockbuf\(\))14 b Fn(\015ushes)j(output)f(and)g(closes)h(its)f(so)q
1513     (c)o(k)o(et)g(if)g(no)h(other)e(so)q(c)o(kbuf)i(is)f(referencing)i(it)0
1514     1065 y(and)p 91 1065 14 2 v 32 w(S)p 133 1065 V 16 w(DELETE)p
1515     338 1065 V 16 w(DONT)p 491 1065 V 17 w(CLOSE)e(\015ag)f(is)g(not)g(set.)20
1516     b(It)15 b(also)g(deletes)h(its)g(read)f(and)g(write)h(bu\013ers.)62
1517     1202 y(In)g(what)f(follo)o(ws,)25 1340 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(s)15
1518     b Fn(is)h(a)f Fo(sockbuf)f Fn(ob)s(ject)25 1415 y Fl(\000)30
1519     b Fo(how)10 b Fn(is)g(of)g(t)o(yp)q(e)g Fo(sockbuf::shuthow)e
1520     Fn(and)j(m)o(ust)e(b)q(e)i(one)f(of)g Fo(sockbuf::shut_read)p
1521     Fn(,)e Fo(sockbuf::shut_write)p Fn(,)90 1477 y(and)15 b Fo
1522     (sockbuf::shut_readwrite)0 1615 y(sockbuf::~sockbuf\(\))240
1523     1690 y Fn(\015ushes)i(output)f(and)g(closes)g(its)h(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)e(if)i
1524     (no)f(other)f Fo(sockbuf)g Fn(ob)s(ject)h(is)g(referencing)h(it)g(b)q(efore)
1525     240 1753 y(deleting)f(its)f(read)f(and)h(write)f(bu\013ers.)20
1526     b(If)14 b(the)p 1068 1753 V 31 w(S)p 1109 1753 V 17 w(DELETE)p
1527     1315 1753 V 16 w(DONT)p 1468 1753 V 16 w(CLOSE)i(\015ag)e(is)h(set,)f(then)
1528     240 1815 y(the)h(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)g(is)h(not)e(closed.)0 1890
1529     y Fo(s.close\(\))240 1965 y Fn(closes)d(the)f(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)g(ev)o(en)g(if)
1530     h(it)f(is)h(referenced)g(b)o(y)f(other)g Fo(sockbuf)f Fn(ob)s(jects)g(and)p
1531     1579 1965 V 27 w(S)p 1621 1965 V 17 w(DELETE)p 1827 1965 V
1532     16 w(DONT)p 1980 1965 V 16 w(CLOSE)240 2028 y(\015ag)15 b(is)h(set.)0
1533     2103 y Fo(s.shutdown\(how\))240 2178 y Fn(sh)o(uts)10 b(do)o(wn)g(read)g(if)g
1534     Fo(how)g Fn(is)h Fo(sockbuf::shut_read)p Fn(,)d(sh)o(uts)i(do)o(wn)g(write)g
1535     (if)h Fo(how)e Fn(is)i Fo(sockbuf::shut_write)p Fn(,)240 2241
1536     y(and)k(sh)o(uts)g(do)o(wn)g(b)q(oth)h(read)f(and)g(write)g(if)h
1537     Fo(how)f Fn(is)h Fo(sockbuf::shut_readwrite)o Fn(.)0 2470 y
1538     Fm(2.3)33 b(Reading)15 b(and)h(W)-6 b(riting)62 2608 y Fo(sockbuf)17
1539     b Fn(class)g(o\013ers)g(sev)o(eral)g(w)o(a)o(ys)g(to)f(read)i(and)f(write)h
1540     (and)f(tailors)h(the)f(b)q(eha)o(vior)h(of)f(sev)o(eral)g(virtual)0
1541     2670 y(functions)f(of)f Fo(streambuf)f Fn(for)g(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)h(comm)o
1542     (unication.)p eop
1543     %%Page: 6 8
1544     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(2:)k Fo(sockbuf)c Fn(Class)1408
1545     b(6)62 183 y(In)16 b(case)f(of)g(error,)f Fo(sockbuf::error\(const)f(char*\))
1546     h Fn(is)i(called.)62 321 y(In)g(what)f(follo)o(ws,)25 459 y
1547     Fl(\000)30 b Fo(s)15 b Fn(is)h(a)f Fo(sockbuf)f Fn(ob)s(ject)25
1548     535 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(buf)15 b Fn(is)g(bu\013er)h(of)e(t)o(yp)q(e)i
1549     Fo(char*)25 610 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(bufsz)14 b Fn(is)i(an)f(in)o(teger)h(and)f
1550     (is)h(less)g(than)f Fo(sizeof\(buf\))25 686 y Fl(\000)30 b
1551     Fo(msgf)15 b Fn(is)g(an)g(in)o(teger)h(and)f(denotes)h(the)f(message)g
1552     (\015ag)25 762 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(sa)15 b Fn(is)h(of)e(t)o(yp)q(e)i
1553     Fo(sockAddr)25 837 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(msgh)15 b Fn(is)g(a)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)h
1554     (to)e Fo(struct)h(msghdr)25 913 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(wp)15 b Fn(is)h(an)f(in)o
1555     (teger)g(and)g(denotes)h(time)f(in)h(seconds)25 988 y Fl(\000)30
1556     b Fo(c)15 b Fn(is)h(a)f(c)o(har)0 1126 y Fo(s.is_open\(\))240
1557     1202 y Fn(returns)g(a)g(non-zero)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(if)g(the)f(so)q(c)o(k)o
1558     (et)g(descriptor)g(is)h(op)q(en)g(else)g(return)f(0.)0 1278
1559     y Fo(s.is_eof\(\))240 1353 y Fn(returns)g(a)g(non-zero)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h
1560     (if)g(the)f(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)g(has)g(seen)g(EOF)g(while)i(reading)f(else)g
1561     (return)f(0.)0 1429 y Fo(s.write\(buf,)f(bufsz\))240 1505 y
1562     Fn(returns)20 b(an)f(in)o(t)i(whic)o(h)f(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)i(equal)f(to)g
1563     Fo(bufsz)f Fn(if)h Fo(bufsz)f Fn(c)o(hars)h(in)g(the)g Fo(buf)f
1564     Fn(are)h(written)240 1567 y(successfully)l(.)37 b(It)20 b(returns)g(0)g(if)h
1565     (there)f(is)h(nothing)g(to)e(write)i(or)e(if,)j(in)f(case)f(of)g(timeouts,)h
1566     (the)240 1629 y(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)15 b(is)g(not)g(ready)g(for)g(write)g
1567     (Section)h(2.6)e([Timeouts],)h(page)g(11.)0 1705 y Fo(s.send\(buf,)f(bufsz,)g
1568     (msgf\))240 1780 y Fn(same)20 b(as)g Fo(sockbuf::write)f Fn(describ)q(ed)k
1569     (ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)d(but)g(allo)o(ws)h(the)g(user)g(to)f(con)o(trol)g(the)g
1570     (trans-)240 1843 y(mission)f(of)f(messages)g(using)h(the)g(message)f(\015ag)g
1571     Fo(msgf)p Fn(.)29 b(If)19 b Fo(msgf)f Fn(is)h Fo(sockbuf::msg_oob)d
1572     Fn(and)240 1905 y(the)k(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)f(t)o(yp)q(e)g(of)g
1573     Fo(s)h Fn(is)g Fo(sockbuf::sock_stream)p Fn(,)d Fo(s)j Fn(sends)g(the)f
1574     (message)h(in)g Fi(out-of-band)240 1967 y Fn(mo)q(de.)38 b(If)22
1575     b Fo(msgf)f Fn(is)h Fo(sockbuf::msg_dontroute)p Fn(,)d Fo(s)i
1576     Fn(sends)h(the)f(outgoing)g(pac)o(k)o(ets)g(without)240 2029
1577     y(routing.)29 b(If)18 b Fo(msgf)g Fn(is)g(0,)g(whic)o(h)h(is)g(the)f(default)
1578     h(case,)g Fo(sockbuf::send)d Fn(b)q(eha)o(v)o(es)i(exactly)h(lik)o(e)240
1579     2092 y Fo(sockbuf::write)p Fn(.)0 2167 y Fo(s.sendto\(sa,)14
1580     b(buf,)g(bufsz,)g(msgf\))240 2243 y Fn(same)f(as)h Fo(sockbuf::send)d
1581     Fn(but)j(w)o(orks)f(on)g(unconnected)i(so)q(c)o(k)o(ets.)k
1582     Fo(sa)13 b Fn(sp)q(eci\014es)j(the)e Fi(to)h Fn(address)240
1583     2305 y(for)g(the)g(message.)0 2381 y Fo(s.sendmsg\(msgh,)e(msgf\))240
1584     2456 y Fn(same)i(as)g Fo(sockbuf::send)e Fn(but)i(sends)h(a)f
1585     Fo(struct)f(msghdr)h Fn(ob)s(ject)f(instead.)0 2532 y Fo(s.sys_write\(buf,)f
1586     (bufsz\))240 2608 y Fn(calls)e Fo(sockbuf::write)d Fn(and)j(returns)f(the)g
1587     (result.)19 b(Unlik)o(e)11 b Fo(sockbuf::write)d(sockbuf::sys_write)240
1588     2670 y Fn(is)16 b(declared)g(as)f(a)g(virtual)h(function.)p
1589     eop
1590     %%Page: 7 9
1591     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(2:)k Fo(sockbuf)c Fn(Class)1408
1592     b(7)0 183 y Fo(s.read\(buf,)14 b(bufsz\))240 258 y Fn(returns)h(an)g(in)o(t)h
1593     (whic)o(h)g(is)g(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(c)o(hars)g(read)g(in)o(to)h
1594     (the)f Fo(buf)p Fn(.)20 b(In)c(case)f(of)g(EOF,)g(return)240
1595     320 y(EOF.)c(Here,)h Fo(bufsz)f Fn(indicates)i(the)e(size)i(of)e(the)g
1596     Fo(buf)p Fn(.)19 b(In)12 b(case)f(of)g(timeouts,)h(return)f(0)h(Section)g
1597     (2.6)240 382 y([Timeouts],)i(page)h(11.)0 457 y Fo(s.recv\(buf,)f(bufsz,)g
1598     (msgf\))240 531 y Fn(same)20 b(as)g Fo(sockbuf::read)e Fn(describ)q(ed)23
1599     b(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)c(but)i(allo)o(ws)f(the)h(user)f(to)g(receiv)o(e)h
1600     Fi(out-of-band)240 594 y Fn(data)14 b(if)h Fo(msgf)f Fn(is)h
1601     Fo(sockbuf::msg_oob)d Fn(or)i(to)g(preview)h(the)g(data)f(w)o(aiting)g(to)g
1602     (b)q(e)h(read)g(if)g Fo(msgf)e Fn(is)240 656 y Fo(sockbuf::msg_peek)p
1603     Fn(.)23 b(If)17 b Fo(msgf)f Fn(is)i(0,)f(whic)o(h)g(is)h(the)f(default)h
1604     (case,)f Fo(sockbuf::recv)e Fn(b)q(eha)o(v)o(es)240 718 y(exactly)h(lik)o(e)g
1605     Fo(sockbuf::read)p Fn(.)0 793 y Fo(s.recvfrom\(sa,)d(buf,)i(bufsz,)f(msgf\))
1606     240 867 y Fn(same)22 b(as)g Fo(sockbuf::recv)f Fn(but)i(w)o(orks)e(on)i
1607     (unconnected)g(so)q(c)o(k)o(ets.)42 b Fo(sa)22 b Fn(sp)q(eci\014es)i(the)f
1608     Fi(from)240 929 y Fn(address)15 b(for)g(the)g(message.)0 1004
1609     y Fo(s.recvmsg\(msgh,)e(msgf\))240 1078 y Fn(same)i(as)g Fo(sockbuf::recv)e
1610     Fn(but)i(reads)g(a)g Fo(struct)g(msghdr)f Fn(ob)s(ject)h(instead.)0
1611     1153 y Fo(s.sys_read\(buf,)e(bufsz\))240 1227 y Fn(calls)e
1612     Fo(sockbuf::read)e Fn(and)h(returns)g(the)g(result.)19 b(Unlik)o(e)11
1613     b Fo(sockbuf::read)e(sockbuf::sys_read)240 1290 y Fn(is)16
1614     b(declared)g(as)f(a)g(virtual)h(function.)0 1364 y Fo
1615     (s.is_readready\(wp_sec,)c(wp_usec\))240 1439 y Fn(returns)g(a)f(non-zero)i
1616     (in)o(t)f(if)g Fo(s)g Fn(has)g(data)f(w)o(aiting)h(to)g(b)q(e)g(read)g(from)f
1617     (the)h(comm)o(unication)h(c)o(hannel.)240 1501 y(If)h Fo(wp_sec)g(>=)h(0)p
1618     Fn(,)e(it)g(w)o(aits)g(for)g Fo(wp_sec)h(10^6)h(+)g(wp_usec)d
1619     Fn(microseconds)i(b)q(efore)f(returning)h(0)f(in)240 1563 y(case)j(there)h
1620     (are)f(no)h(data)e(w)o(aiting)i(to)f(b)q(e)h(read.)24 b(If)16
1621     b Fo(wp_sec)f(<)g(0)p Fn(,)h(then)h(it)g(w)o(aits)e(un)o(til)j(a)e(datum)240
1622     1625 y(arriv)o(es)f(at)g(the)g(comm)o(unication)h(c)o(hannel.)21
1623     b Fo(wp_usec)14 b Fn(defaults)i(to)e(0.)360 1700 y Fi(Please)19
1624     b(Note)s Fn(:)25 b(The)18 b(data)f(w)o(aiting)i(in)f Fo(sockbuf)p
1625     Fn('s)f(o)o(wn)h(bu\013er)g(is)g(di\013eren)o(t)h(from)360
1626     1750 y(the)c(data)g(w)o(aiting)g(in)h(the)f(comm)o(unication)h(c)o(hannel.)0
1627     1824 y Fo(s.is_writeready\(wp_sec,)c(wp_usec\))240 1899 y Fn(returns)19
1628     b(a)h(non-zero)f(in)o(t)h(if)g(data)f(can)h(b)q(e)g(written)f(on)o(to)g(the)g
1629     (comm)o(unication)i(c)o(hannel)f(of)g Fo(s)p Fn(.)240 1961
1630     y(If)f Fo(wp_sec)14 b(>=)h(0)p Fn(,)20 b(it)f(w)o(aits)f(for)g
1631     Fo(wp_sec)d(10^6)f(+)h(wp_usec)j Fn(microseconds)i(b)q(efore)f(returning)g(0)
1632     240 2023 y(in)e(case)g(no)g(data)f(can)g(b)q(e)i(written.)24
1633     b(If)17 b Fo(wp_sec)d(<)h(0)p Fn(,)i(then)g(it)g(w)o(aits)f(un)o(til)i(the)e
1634     (comm)o(unication)240 2086 y(c)o(hannel)g(is)g(ready)f(to)g(accept)g(data.)k
1635     Fo(wp_usec)c Fn(defaults)g(to)g(0.)360 2160 y Fi(Please)f(Note)s
1636     Fn(:)k(The)c(bu\013er)g(of)f(the)h Fo(sockbuf)e Fn(class)i(is)g(di\013eren)o
1637     (t)g(from)f(the)h(bu\013er)f(of)360 2210 y(the)i(comm)o(unication)h(c)o
1638     (hannel)h(bu\013er.)0 2284 y Fo(s.is_exceptionpending\(wp_s)o(ec,)12
1639     b(wp_usec\))240 2359 y Fn(returns)19 b(non-zero)g(in)o(t)f(if)i
1640     Fo(s)e Fn(has)h(an)o(y)f(exception)i(ev)o(en)o(ts)e(p)q(ending.)32
1641     b(If)19 b Fo(wp_sec)c(>=)g(0)p Fn(,)k(it)f(w)o(aits)240 2421
1642     y(for)g Fo(wp_sec)c(10^6)h(+)g(wp_usec)j Fn(microseconds)h(b)q(efore)g
1643     (returning)h(0)e(in)i(case)e Fo(s)h Fn(do)q(es)g(not)f(ha)o(v)o(e)240
1644     2483 y(an)o(y)f(exception)h(ev)o(en)o(ts)f(p)q(ending.)27 b(If)17
1645     b Fo(wp_sec)d(<)h(0)p Fn(,)i(then)h(it)f(w)o(aits)f(un)o(til)j(an)e(exp)q
1646     (ception)h(ev)o(en)o(t)240 2546 y(o)q(ccurs.)i Fo(wp_usec)14
1647     b Fn(defaults)i(to)f(0.)360 2620 y Fi(Please)26 b(Note)s Fn(:)40
1648     b(The)26 b(exceptions)h(that)e Fo(sockbuf::is_exceptionpen)o(ding)d
1649     Fn(is)360 2670 y(lo)q(oking)16 b(for)f(are)g(di\013eren)o(t)g(from)f(the)i(C)
1650     p Fo(++)e Fn(exceptions.)p eop
1651     %%Page: 8 10
1652     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(2:)k Fo(sockbuf)c Fn(Class)1408
1653     b(8)0 183 y Fo(s.flush_output\(\))240 259 y Fn(\015ushes)20
1654     b(the)f(output)g(bu\013er)g(and)g(returns)g(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)g(c)o
1655     (hars)f(\015ushed.)33 b(In)19 b(case)g(of)g(error,)240 321
1656     y(return)g(EOF.)h Fo(sockbuf::flush_output)c Fn(is)k(a)f(protected)h(mem)o(b)
1657     q(er)f(function)i(and)f(it)f(is)h(not)240 384 y(a)o(v)m(ailable)d(for)d
1658     (general)i(public.)0 459 y Fo(s.doallocate\(\))240 535 y Fn(allo)q(cates)i
1659     (free)g(store)f(for)g(read)g(and)h(write)g(bu\013ers)f(of)h
1660     Fo(s)f Fn(and)h(returns)f(1)h(if)g(allo)q(cation)g(is)h(done)240
1661     598 y(and)13 b(returns)g(0)g(if)h(there)f(is)h(no)f(need.)20
1662     b Fo(sockbuf::doallocate)10 b Fn(is)k(a)f(protected)g(virtual)h(mem)o(b)q(er)
1663     240 660 y(function)i(and)f(it)h(is)g(not)e(a)o(v)m(ailable)j(for)e(general)h
1664     (public.)0 736 y Fo(s.underflow\(\))240 811 y Fn(returns)21
1665     b(the)f(unread)i(c)o(har)e(in)i(the)e(bu\013er)h(as)g(an)f(unsigned)i(c)o
1666     (har)f(if)g(there)g(is)g(an)o(y)l(.)36 b(Else)22 b(re-)240
1667     874 y(turns)e(EOF)f(if)h Fo(s)g Fn(cannot)g(allo)q(cate)g(space)g(for)f(the)h
1668     (bu\013ers,)g(cannot)g(read)g(or)f(p)q(eer)h(is)g(closed.)240
1669     936 y Fo(sockbuf::underflow)11 b Fn(is)j(a)f(protected)g(virtual)h(mem)o(b)q
1670     (er)f(function)i(and)e(it)h(is)g(not)f(a)o(v)m(ailable)i(for)240
1671     998 y(general)h(public.)0 1074 y Fo(s.overflow\(c\))240 1150
1672     y Fn(if)23 b Fo(c==EOF)p Fn(,)f(call)h(and)g(return)f(the)g(result)g(of)g
1673     Fo(flush_output\(\))p Fn(,)g(else)h(if)f Fo(c=='\\n')f Fn(and)i
1674     Fo(s)e Fn(is)240 1212 y(linebu\013ered,)c(call)g Fo(flush_output\(\))c
1675     Fn(and)j(return)g Fo(c)f Fn(unless)i Fo(flush_output\(\))c
1676     Fn(returns)i(EOF,)240 1274 y(in)g(whic)o(h)g(case)f(return)g(EOF.)f(In)i(an)o
1677     (y)e(other)h(case,)g(insert)g(c)o(har)g Fo(c)g Fn(in)o(to)g(the)g(bu\013er)g
1678     (and)g(return)g Fo(c)240 1337 y Fn(as)h(an)h(unsigned)g(c)o(har.)21
1679     b Fo(sockbuf::overflow)13 b Fn(is)j(a)f(protected)h(mem)o(b)q(er)f(virtual)h
1680     (function)h(and)240 1399 y(it)e(is)h(not)f(a)o(v)m(ailable)i(for)d(general)i
1681     (public.)360 1475 y Fi(No)q(de:)k Fn(linebu\013ered)14 b(mo)q(de)f(do)q(es)g
1682     (not)f(w)o(ork)g(with)h(A)l(T&T)g(IOStream)g(library)l(.)20
1683     b(Use)360 1525 y(explicit)d(\015ushing)g(to)d(\015ush)i Fo(sockbuf)p
1684     Fn(.)0 1600 y Fo(s.sync\(\))48 b Fn(calls)22 b Fo(flush_output\(\))d
1685     Fn(and)i(returns)f(the)h(result.)38 b(Useful)21 b(if)h(the)f(user)g(needs)g
1686     (to)f(\015ush)i(the)240 1663 y(output)15 b(without)g(writing)h(newline)h(c)o
1687     (har)e(in)o(to)g(the)g(write)h(bu\013er.)0 1739 y Fo(s.xsputn\(buf,)d
1688     (bufsz\))240 1814 y Fn(write)h Fo(bufsz)f Fn(c)o(hars)g(in)o(to)h(the)g
1689     (bu\013er)g(and)g(returns)g(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)f(c)o(hars)h
1690     (successfully)h(written.)240 1877 y(Output)h(is)f(\015ushed)i(if)e(an)o(y)g
1691     (c)o(har)g(in)h Fo(buf[0..bufsz-1])d Fn(is)j Fo('\\n')p Fn(.)0
1692     1952 y Fo(s.recvtimeout\(wp\))240 2028 y Fn(sets)f(the)g(recv)h(timeout)f(to)
1693     f Fo(wp)h Fn(seconds.)20 b(If)c Fo(wp)f Fn(is)h(-1,)e(it)i(is)f(a)g(blo)q(c)o
1694     (k)h(and)g(if)f Fo(wp)g Fn(is)h(0,)e(it)i(is)f(a)g(p)q(oll.)240
1695     2104 y(It)f(a\013ects)f(all)j(read)e(functions.)20 b(If)14
1696     b(the)g(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)g(is)h(not)e(read)h(ready)g(within)i
1697     Fo(wp)d Fn(seconds,)i(the)f(read)240 2166 y(call)j(will)g(return)f(0.)21
1698     b(It)15 b(also)h(a\013ects)f Fo(sockbuf::underflow)p Fn(.)k
1699     Fo(sockbuf::underflow)13 b Fn(will)k(not)240 2229 y(set)e(the)g
1700     Fo(_S_EOF_SEEN)f Fn(\015ag)h(if)g(it)h(is)g(returning)f(EOF)g(b)q(ecause)i
1701     (of)d(timeout.)240 2304 y Fo(sockbuf::recvtimeout)e Fn(returns)j(the)h(old)g
1702     (recv)f(timeout)g(v)m(alue.)0 2380 y Fo(s.sendtimeout\(wp\))240
1703     2456 y Fn(sets)g(the)g(send)g(timeout)g(to)g Fo(wp)f Fn(seconds.)20
1704     b(If)c Fo(wp)e Fn(is)i(-1,)e(it)i(is)f(a)g(blo)q(c)o(k)g(and)h(if)f
1705     Fo(wp)g Fn(is)g(0,)g(it)g(is)g(a)g(p)q(oll.)240 2532 y(It)j(a\013ects)g(all)h
1706     (write)g(functions.)30 b(If)18 b(the)h(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)f(is)g(not)g(write)h
1707     (ready)f(within)i Fo(wp)e Fn(seconds,)h(the)240 2594 y(write)c(call)i(will)f
1708     (return)g(0.)240 2670 y Fo(sockbuf::sendtimeout)c Fn(returns)j(the)h(old)g
1709     (send)f(timeout)h(v)m(alue.)p eop
1710     %%Page: 9 11
1711     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(2:)k Fo(sockbuf)c Fn(Class)1408
1712     b(9)0 183 y Fm(2.4)33 b(Establishing)16 b(connections)62 320
1713     y Fn(A)11 b(name)g(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)g(b)q(ound)h(to)f(a)f Fo(sockbuf)g
1714     Fn(if)i(pro)q(cesses)f(w)o(an)o(t)f(to)g(refer)h(to)f(it)i(and)f(use)g(it)g
1715     (for)g(comm)o(unication.)0 382 y(Names)i(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)i(unique.)20
1716     b(A)14 b Fi(unix)k Fn(name)13 b(is)h(a)g(3-tuple,)g Fo(<)p
1717     Fi(proto)q(col,)f(lo)q(cal)i(path,)f(p)q(eer)g(path)p Fo(>)p
1718     Fn(.)19 b(An)14 b Fi(inet)h Fn(name)0 445 y(is)k(a)g(5-tuple,)h
1719     Fo(<)p Fi(proto)q(col,)f(lo)q(cal)g(addr,)h(lo)q(cal)f(p)q(ort,)g(p)q(eer)h
1720     (addr,)f(p)q(eer)g(p)q(ort)p Fo(>)p Fn(.)30 b Fo(sockbuf::bind)17
1721     b Fn(is)i(used)h(to)0 507 y(sp)q(ecify)h(the)g(lo)q(cal)g(half)f(of)g(the)g
1722     (name|)p Fo(<)p Fi(lo)q(cal)i(path)p Fo(>)d Fn(for)h Fi(unix)k
1723     Fn(and)c Fo(<)p Fi(lo)q(cal)h(addr,)g(lo)q(cal)h(p)q(ort)p
1724     Fo(>)d Fn(for)h Fi(inet)p Fn(.)0 569 y Fo(sockbuf::connect)d
1725     Fn(and)i Fo(sockbuf::accept)e Fn(are)i(used)h(to)f(sp)q(ecify)h(the)f(p)q
1726     (eer)h(half)g(of)f(the)g(name|)p Fo(<)p Fi(p)q(eer)0 632 y(path)p
1727     Fo(>)c Fn(for)f Fi(unix)20 b Fn(and)15 b Fo(<)p Fi(p)q(eer)h(addr,)f(p)q(eer)
1728     h(p)q(ort)p Fo(>)e Fn(for)h Fi(inet)p Fn(.)62 769 y(In)h(what)f(follo)o(ws,)
1729     25 906 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(s)15 b Fn(and)g Fo(so)g Fn(are)g Fo(sockbuf)f
1730     Fn(ob)s(jects)25 978 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(sa)15 b Fn(is)h(a)e
1731     Fo(sockAddr)h Fn(ob)s(ject)25 1051 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(nc)15
1732     b Fn(is)h(an)f(in)o(teger)g(denoting)h(the)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(of)f
1733     (connections)h(to)e(allo)o(w)0 1188 y Fo(s.bind\(sa\))240 1260
1734     y Fn(binds)i Fo(sockAddr)f(sa)f Fn(as)h(the)g(lo)q(cal)i(half)e(of)g(the)h
1735     (name)f(for)f Fo(s)p Fn(.)0 1333 y Fo(s.connect\(sa\))240 1405
1736     y(sockbuf::connect)e Fn(uses)j Fo(sa)g Fn(to)f(pro)o(vide)h(the)g(p)q(eer)g
1737     (half)g(of)g(the)g(name)f(for)g Fo(s)h Fn(and)g(to)f(establish)240
1738     1467 y(the)23 b(connection)h(itself.)43 b Fo(sockbuf::connect)20
1739     b Fn(also)j(pro)o(vides)g(the)g(lo)q(cal)h(half)f(of)f(the)h(name)240
1740     1530 y(automatically)d(and)g(hence,)i(the)d(user)h(should)h(not)e(use)h
1741     Fo(sockbuf::bind)e Fn(to)h(bind)i(an)o(y)f(lo)q(cal)240 1592
1742     y(half)c(of)e(the)i(name.)0 1664 y Fo(s.listen\(nc\))240 1737
1743     y Fn(mak)o(es)c Fo(s)g Fn(ready)g(to)g(accept)g(connections.)20
1744     b Fo(nc)12 b Fn(sp)q(eci\014es)j(the)d(maxim)o(um)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(of)f
1745     (outstanding)240 1799 y(connections)22 b(that)e(ma)o(y)h(b)q(e)g(queued)i
1746     (and)e(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)i(at)e(least)i(1)e(and)i(less)f(than)g(or)g(equal)h
1747     (to)240 1861 y Fo(sockbuf::somaxconn)13 b Fn(whic)o(h)j(is)f(usually)i(5)e
1748     (on)g(most)f(systems.)0 1934 y Fo(sockbuf)g(so)h(=)g(s.accept\(sa\))0
1749     1996 y(sockbuf)f(so)h(=)g(s.accept\(\))240 2069 y Fn(accepts)e(connections)h
1750     (and)g(returns)f(the)g(p)q(eer)h(address)f(in)h Fo(sa)p Fn(.)19
1751     b Fo(s)13 b Fn(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)g(a)g(listening)i Fo(sockbuf)p
1752     Fn(.)240 2131 y(See)h Fo(sockbuf::listen)d Fn(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e.)0
1753     2346 y Fm(2.5)33 b(Getting)15 b(and)h(Setting)g(So)r(c)n(k)n(et)f(Options)62
1754     2483 y Fn(So)q(c)o(k)o(et)k(options)g(are)f(used)h(to)g(con)o(trol)f(a)g(so)q
1755     (c)o(k)o(et)h(comm)o(unication.)31 b(New)19 b(options)g(can)g(b)q(e)g(set)f
1756     (and)h(old)0 2545 y(v)m(alue)c(of)e(the)h(options)f(can)h(b)q(e)g(retriv)o
1757     (ed)g(at)f(the)h(proto)q(col)g(lev)o(el)g(or)g(at)e(the)i(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)f
1758     (lev)o(el)i(b)o(y)f(using)g Fo(setopt)f Fn(and)0 2608 y Fo(getopt)j
1759     Fn(mem)o(b)q(er)g(functions.)25 b(In)17 b(addition,)g(y)o(ou)g(can)f(also)h
1760     (use)f(sp)q(ecial)j(mem)o(b)q(er)d(functions)i(to)d(get)i(and)f(set)0
1761     2670 y(sp)q(eci\014c)h(options.)p eop
1762     %%Page: 10 12
1763     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(2:)k Fo(sockbuf)c Fn(Class)1386
1764     b(10)62 183 y(In)16 b(what)f(follo)o(ws,)25 323 y Fl(\000)30
1765     b Fo(s)15 b Fn(is)h(a)f Fo(sockbuf)f Fn(ob)s(ject)25 401 y
1766     Fl(\000)30 b Fo(opval)14 b Fn(is)i(an)f(in)o(teger)h(and)f(denotes)g(the)h
1767     (option)f(v)m(alue)25 479 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(op)15 b Fn(is)h(of)e(t)o(yp)q(e)i
1768     Fo(sockbuf::option)d Fn(and)i(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)h(one)f(of)127
1769     556 y Fl(\017)30 b Fo(sockbuf::so_error)13 b Fn(used)j(to)e(retriev)o(e)i
1770     (and)f(clear)h(error)e(status)127 634 y Fl(\017)30 b Fo(sockbuf::so_type)13
1771     b Fn(used)j(to)e(retriev)o(e)i(t)o(yp)q(e)f(of)g(the)g(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)127
1772     712 y Fl(\017)30 b Fo(sockbuf::so_debug)13 b Fn(is)j(used)f(to)g(sp)q(ecify)h
1773     (recording)g(of)f(debugging)h(information)127 789 y Fl(\017)30
1774     b Fo(sockbuf::so_reuseaddr)12 b Fn(is)k(used)g(to)e(sp)q(ecify)j(the)e(reuse)
1775     h(of)e(lo)q(cal)j(address)127 867 y Fl(\017)30 b Fo(sockbuf::so_keepalive)12
1776     b Fn(is)k(used)g(to)e(sp)q(ecify)j(whether)e(to)g(k)o(eep)g(connections)i
1777     (aliv)o(e)f(or)e(not)127 945 y Fl(\017)30 b Fo(sockbuf::so_dontroute)12
1778     b Fn(is)k(used)g(to)e(sp)q(ecify)j(whether)e(to)g(route)g(messages)f(or)h
1779     (not)127 1022 y Fl(\017)30 b Fo(sockbuf::so_broadcast)13 b
1780     Fn(is)k(used)g(to)e(sp)q(ecify)i(whether)g(to)e(broadcast)h
1781     Fo(sockbuf::sock_dgram)180 1084 y Fn(messages)f(or)f(not)127
1782     1162 y Fl(\017)30 b Fo(sockbuf::so_oobinline)12 b Fn(is)k(used)g(to)e(sp)q
1783     (ecify)j(whether)e(to)g(inline)j Fi(out-of-band)f Fn(data)d(or)h(not.)127
1784     1240 y Fl(\017)30 b Fo(sockbuf::so_linger)13 b Fn(is)i(used)h(to)f(sp)q
1785     (ecify)h(for)f(ho)o(w)g(long)g(to)g(linger)h(b)q(efore)f(sh)o(utting)h(do)o
1786     (wn)127 1317 y Fl(\017)30 b Fo(sockbuf::so_sndbuf)13 b Fn(is)i(used)h(to)f
1787     (retriev)o(e)g(and)g(to)g(set)g(the)g(size)h(of)f(the)g(send)g(bu\013er)h
1788     (\(comm)o(uni-)180 1380 y(cation)f(c)o(hannel)i(bu\013er)e(not)g
1789     Fo(sockbuf)p Fn('s)f(in)o(ternal)i(bu\013er\))127 1457 y Fl(\017)30
1790     b Fo(sockbuf::so_rcvbuf)13 b Fn(is)j(used)g(to)f(retriev)o(e)h(and)g(to)f
1791     (set)g(the)h(size)g(of)g(the)f(recv)h(bu\013er)g(\(comm)o(uni-)180
1792     1520 y(cation)f(c)o(hannel)i(bu\013er)e(not)g Fo(sockbuf)p
1793     Fn('s)f(in)o(ternal)i(bu\013er\))0 1660 y Fo(s.getopt\(op,)e(&opval,)g
1794     (sizeof\(opval\),)f(oplevel\))240 1737 y Fn(gets)f(the)h(option)g(v)m(alue)h
1795     (of)f(the)g Fo(sockbuf::option)e(op)h Fn(at)g(the)h(option)g(lev)o(el)i
1796     Fo(oplevel)c Fn(in)j Fo(opval)p Fn(.)240 1800 y(It)j(returns)f(the)h(actual)g
1797     (size)h(of)e(the)h(bu\013er)g Fo(opval)f Fn(used.)25 b(The)17
1798     b(default)g(v)m(alue)h(of)e(the)h Fo(oplevel)240 1862 y Fn(is)f
1799     Fo(sockbuf::sol_socket)p Fn(.)0 1940 y Fo(s.setopt\(op,)e(&opval,)g
1800     (sizeof\(opval\),)f(oplevel\))240 2017 y Fn(sets)g(the)g(option)g(v)m(alue)h
1801     (of)f(the)g Fo(sockbuf::option)e(op)i Fn(at)f(the)h(option)g(lev)o(el)i
1802     Fo(oplevel)d Fn(to)g Fo(opval)p Fn(.)240 2079 y(The)j(default)h(v)m(alue)h
1803     (of)d(the)i Fo(oplevel)e Fn(is)i Fo(sockbuf::sol_socket)p Fn(.)0
1804     2157 y Fo(s.gettype\(\))240 2235 y Fn(gets)f(the)g(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)g(t)o(yp)q
1805     (e)g(of)g Fo(s)p Fn(.)k(The)d(return)f(t)o(yp)q(e)g(is)h Fo(sockbuf::type)p
1806     Fn(.)0 2312 y Fo(s.clearerror\(\))240 2390 y Fn(gets)f(and)g(clears)h(the)f
1807     (error)f(status)h(of)g(the)g(so)q(c)o(k)o(et.)0 2468 y Fo(s.debug\(opval\))
1808     240 2545 y Fn(if)20 b Fo(opval)f Fn(is)h(not)f(-1,)h(set)f(the)g
1809     Fo(sockbuf::so_debug)e Fn(option)j(v)m(alue)h(to)d Fo(opval)p
1810     Fn(.)32 b(In)20 b(an)o(y)f(case,)240 2608 y(return)14 b(the)h(old)g(option)g
1811     (v)m(alue)g(of)f Fo(sockbuf::so_debug)e Fn(option.)20 b(The)15
1812     b(default)g(v)m(alue)h(of)e Fo(opval)240 2670 y Fn(is)i(-1.)p
1813     eop
1814     %%Page: 11 13
1815     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(2:)k Fo(sockbuf)c Fn(Class)1386
1816     b(11)0 183 y Fo(s.reuseaddr\(opval\))240 255 y Fn(if)14 b Fo(opval)e
1817     Fn(is)i(not)f(-1,)g(set)f(the)i Fo(sockbuf::so_reuseaddr)c
1818     Fn(option)j(v)m(alue)i(to)d Fo(opval)p Fn(.)19 b(In)13 b(an)o(y)g(case,)240
1819     317 y(return)k(the)h(old)g(option)g(v)m(alue)h(of)e Fo(sockbuf::so_reuseaddr)
1820     e Fn(option.)27 b(The)17 b(default)i(v)m(alue)f(of)240 380
1821     y Fo(opval)c Fn(is)i(-1.)0 452 y Fo(s.dontroute\(opval\))240
1822     523 y Fn(if)e Fo(opval)e Fn(is)i(not)f(-1,)g(set)f(the)i Fo
1823     (sockbuf::so_dontroute)c Fn(option)j(v)m(alue)i(to)d Fo(opval)p
1824     Fn(.)19 b(In)13 b(an)o(y)g(case,)240 586 y(return)k(the)h(old)g(option)g(v)m
1825     (alue)h(of)e Fo(sockbuf::so_dontroute)e Fn(option.)27 b(The)17
1826     b(default)i(v)m(alue)f(of)240 648 y Fo(opval)c Fn(is)i(-1.)0
1827     720 y Fo(s.oobinline\(opval\))240 792 y Fn(if)e Fo(opval)e
1828     Fn(is)i(not)f(-1,)g(set)f(the)i Fo(sockbuf::so_oobinline)c
1829     Fn(option)j(v)m(alue)i(to)d Fo(opval)p Fn(.)19 b(In)13 b(an)o(y)g(case,)240
1830     854 y(return)k(the)h(old)g(option)g(v)m(alue)h(of)e Fo(sockbuf::so_oobinline)
1831     e Fn(option.)27 b(The)17 b(default)i(v)m(alue)f(of)240 916
1832     y Fo(opval)c Fn(is)i(-1.)0 988 y Fo(s.broadcast\(opval\))240
1833     1060 y Fn(if)e Fo(opval)e Fn(is)i(not)f(-1,)g(set)f(the)i Fo
1834     (sockbuf::so_broadcast)c Fn(option)j(v)m(alue)i(to)d Fo(opval)p
1835     Fn(.)19 b(In)13 b(an)o(y)g(case,)240 1122 y(return)k(the)h(old)g(option)g(v)m
1836     (alue)h(of)e Fo(sockbuf::so_broadcast)e Fn(option.)27 b(The)17
1837     b(default)i(v)m(alue)f(of)240 1185 y Fo(opval)c Fn(is)i(-1.)0
1838     1257 y Fo(s.keepalive\(opval\))240 1328 y Fn(if)e Fo(opval)e
1839     Fn(is)i(not)f(-1,)g(set)f(the)i Fo(sockbuf::so_keepalive)c
1840     Fn(option)j(v)m(alue)i(to)d Fo(opval)p Fn(.)19 b(In)13 b(an)o(y)g(case,)240
1841     1391 y(return)k(the)h(old)g(option)g(v)m(alue)h(of)e Fo
1842     (sockbuf::so_keepalive)e Fn(option.)27 b(The)17 b(default)i(v)m(alue)f(of)240
1843     1453 y Fo(opval)c Fn(is)i(-1.)0 1525 y Fo(s.sendbufsz\(opval\))240
1844     1597 y Fn(if)i Fo(opval)e Fn(is)i(not)f(-1,)g(set)g(the)g(new)h(send)g
1845     (bu\013er)f(size)h(to)f Fo(opval)p Fn(.)25 b(In)18 b(an)o(y)f(case,)g(return)
1846     g(the)g(old)240 1659 y(bu\013er)e(size)h(of)f(the)g(send)h(bu\013er.)k(The)15
1847     b(default)h(v)m(alue)h(of)d Fo(opval)h Fn(is)h(-1.)0 1731 y
1848     Fo(s.recvbufsz\(opval\))240 1803 y Fn(if)i Fo(opval)f Fn(is)h(not)f(-1,)h
1849     (set)f(the)h(new)f(recv)h(bu\013er)g(size)g(to)f Fo(opval)p
1850     Fn(.)26 b(In)18 b(an)o(y)g(case,)f(return)h(the)f(old)240 1865
1851     y(bu\013er)e(size)h(of)f(the)g(recv)h(bu\013er.)k(The)15 b(default)h(v)m
1852     (alue)g(of)f Fo(opval)f Fn(is)i(-1.)0 1937 y Fo(s.linger\(tim\))240
1853     2009 y Fn(if)k Fo(tim)f Fn(is)h(p)q(ositiv)o(e,)h(set)f(the)f(linger)i(time)f
1854     (to)f(tim)g(seconds.)34 b(If)19 b Fo(tim)h Fn(is)g(0,)g(set)f(the)g(linger)i
1855     (o\013.)240 2071 y(In)c(an)o(y)g(case,)f(return)h(the)g(old)g(linger)h(time)f
1856     (if)g(it)g(w)o(as)f(set)g(earlier.)25 b(Otherwise)18 b(return)f(-1.)24
1857     b(The)240 2133 y(default)16 b(v)m(alue)g(of)f Fo(tim)g Fn(is)g(-1.)0
1858     2346 y Fm(2.6)33 b(Time)15 b(Outs)g(While)i(Reading)e(and)h(W)-6
1859     b(riting)62 2483 y Fn(Time)20 b(outs)f(are)g(v)o(ery)g(useful)i(in)f
1860     (handling)h(data)e(of)g(unkno)o(wn)g(sizes)h(and)g(formats)e(while)j(reading)
1861     f(and)0 2545 y(writing.)39 b(F)l(or)20 b(example,)k(ho)o(w)d(do)q(es)g(one)h
1862     (comm)o(unicate)f(with)h(a)f(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)g(that)f(sends)i(c)o(h)o(unks)g
1863     (of)f(data)f(of)0 2608 y(unkno)o(wn)11 b(size)h(and)f(format?)18
1864     b(If)11 b(only)h Fo(sockbuf::read)d Fn(is)i(used)h(without)f(time)g(out,)g
1865     (it)g(will)i(blo)q(c)o(k)e(inde\014nitely)l(.)0 2670 y(In)16
1866     b(suc)o(h)f(cases,)g(time)h(out)e(facilit)o(y)j(is)e(the)h(only)f(answ)o(er.)
1867     p eop
1868     %%Page: 12 14
1869     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(2:)k Fo(sockbuf)c Fn(Class)1386
1870     b(12)62 183 y(The)13 b(follo)o(wing)h(idiom)g(is)g(recommended.)20
1871     b(See)13 b(Chapter)g(15)f([Pitfalls],)i(page)e(48)h(for)f(a)h(complete)g
1872     (example.)215 320 y Fo(int)24 b(old_tmo)f(=)h(s.recvtimeout)e(\(2\))h(//)h
1873     (set)f(time)g(out)h(\(2)f(seconds)g(here\))215 370 y(for)h(\(;;\))f({)h(//)g
1874     (read)f(or)g(write)311 420 y(char)g(buf[256];)311 470 y(int)g(rval)h(=)f
1875     (s.read)g(\(buf,)h(256\);)311 519 y(if)f(\(rval)h(==)f(0)h(||)g(rval)f(==)g
1876     (EOF\))h(break;)311 569 y(//)f(process)g(buf)h(here)215 619
1877     y(})215 669 y(s.recvtimeout)f(\(old_tmo\);)f(//)i(reset)f(time)g(out)62
1878     881 y Fn(In)16 b(what)f(follo)o(ws,)25 1018 y Fl(\000)30 b
1879     Fo(s)15 b Fn(is)h(a)f Fo(sockbuf)f Fn(ob)s(ject)25 1092 y Fl(\000)30
1880     b Fo(wp)15 b Fn(is)h(w)o(aiting)f(p)q(erio)q(d)h(in)h(seconds)0
1881     1229 y Fo(s.recvtimeout\(wp\))240 1304 y Fn(sets)e(the)g(recv)h(timeout)f(to)
1882     f Fo(wp)h Fn(seconds.)20 b(If)c Fo(wp)f Fn(is)h(-1,)e(it)i(is)f(a)g(blo)q(c)o
1883     (k)h(and)g(if)f Fo(wp)g Fn(is)h(0,)e(it)i(is)f(a)g(p)q(oll.)240
1884     1379 y(It)f(a\013ects)f(all)j(read)e(functions.)20 b(If)14
1885     b(the)g(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)g(is)h(not)e(read)h(ready)g(within)i
1886     Fo(wp)d Fn(seconds,)i(the)f(read)240 1441 y(call)j(will)g(return)f(0.)21
1887     b(It)15 b(also)h(a\013ects)f Fo(sockbuf::underflow)p Fn(.)k
1888     Fo(sockbuf::underflow)13 b Fn(will)k(not)240 1503 y(set)e(the)g
1889     Fo(_S_EOF_SEEN)f Fn(\015ag)h(if)g(it)h(is)g(returning)f(EOF)g(b)q(ecause)i
1890     (of)d(timeout.)240 1578 y Fo(sockbuf::recvtimeout)e Fn(returns)j(the)h(old)g
1891     (recv)f(timeout)g(v)m(alue.)0 1653 y Fo(s.sendtimeout\(wp\))240
1892     1727 y Fn(sets)g(the)g(send)g(timeout)g(to)g Fo(wp)f Fn(seconds.)20
1893     b(If)c Fo(wp)e Fn(is)i(-1,)e(it)i(is)f(a)g(blo)q(c)o(k)g(and)h(if)f
1894     Fo(wp)g Fn(is)g(0,)g(it)g(is)g(a)g(p)q(oll.)240 1802 y(It)j(a\013ects)g(all)h
1895     (write)g(functions.)30 b(If)18 b(the)h(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)f(is)g(not)g(write)h
1896     (ready)f(within)i Fo(wp)e Fn(seconds,)h(the)240 1864 y(write)c(call)i(will)f
1897     (return)g(0.)240 1939 y Fo(sockbuf::sendtimeout)c Fn(returns)j(the)h(old)g
1898     (send)f(timeout)h(v)m(alue.)p eop
1899     %%Page: 13 15
1900     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(3:)k(so)q(c)o(kAddr)d(Class)1366
1901     b(13)0 183 y Fk(3)41 b(so)r(c)n(kAddr)14 b(Class)62 370 y Fn(Class)h
1902     Fo(sockAddr)f Fn(is)i(an)f(abstract)f(base)h(class)g(for)g(all)h(so)q(c)o(k)o
1903     (et)e(address)i(classes.)k(That)14 b(is,)i(domain)f(sp)q(eci\014c)0
1904     432 y(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)g(address)g(classes)h(are)e(all)j(deriv)o(ed)f(from)e
1905     Fo(sockAddr)g Fn(class.)120 569 y Fi(Note)s Fn(:)22 b Fo(sockAddr)15
1906     b Fn(is)i(not)f(sp)q(elled)j Fo(sockaddr)c Fn(in)j(order)e(to)g(prev)o(en)o
1907     (t)g(name)h(clash)g(with)g Fo(struct)120 619 y(sockaddr)d Fn(declared)i(in)h
1908     (`)p Fo(<sys/socket.h>)p Fn('.)62 831 y(Non-abstract)e(deriv)o(ed)h(classes)g
1909     (m)o(ust)e(ha)o(v)o(e)h(de\014nitions)i(for)d(the)i(follo)o(wing)g
1910     (functions.)0 968 y Fo(sockAddr::operator)d(void*)h(\(\))240
1911     1043 y Fn(should)i(simply)h(return)e Fo(this)p Fn(.)0 1117
1912     y Fo(sockAddr::size\(\))240 1192 y Fn(should)h(return)f Fo(sizeof\(*this\))p
1913     Fn(.)j(The)e(return)f(t)o(yp)q(e)g(is)h Fo(int)p Fn(.)0 1267
1914     y Fo(sockAddr::family\(\))240 1341 y Fn(should)g(return)f(address)f(family)i
1915     (\(domain)f(name\))f(of)h(the)g(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)f(address.)20
1916     b(The)15 b(return)g(t)o(yp)q(e)f(is)240 1404 y Fo(int)p eop
1917     %%Page: 14 16
1918     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(4:)k(so)q(c)o(kinetbuf)e(Class)1328
1919     b(14)0 183 y Fk(4)41 b(so)r(c)n(kinetbuf)13 b(Class)62 377
1920     y Fo(sockinetbuf)k Fn(class)h(is)h(deriv)o(ed)g(from)e Fo(sockbuf)g
1921     Fn(class)h(and)g(inherits)i(most)d(of)g(the)h(public)j(functions)d(of)0
1922     439 y Fo(sockbuf)p Fn(.)i(See)c(Chapter)f(2)g([so)q(c)o(kbuf)g(Class],)g
1923     (page)g(4,)g(for)g(more)g(information)g(on)h Fo(sockbuf)p Fn(.)j(In)d
1924     (addition,)h(it)0 502 y(pro)o(vides)d(metho)q(ds)h(for)e(getting)h
1925     Fo(sockinetaddr)e Fn(of)i(lo)q(cal)h(and)f(p)q(eer)h(connections.)20
1926     b(See)15 b(Chapter)f(5)f([so)q(c)o(kine-)0 564 y(taddr)i(Class],)f(page)h
1927     (19,)g(for)f(more)h(information)g(on)g Fo(sockinetaddr)p Fn(.)0
1928     801 y Fm(4.1)33 b(Metho)r(ds)62 940 y Fn(In)16 b(what)f(follo)o(ws,)25
1929     1078 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(ty)15 b Fn(denotes)g(the)h(t)o(yp)q(e)f(of)g(the)g(so)
1930     q(c)o(k)o(et)f(connection)j(and)e(is)h(of)f(t)o(yp)q(e)g Fo(sockbuf::type)25
1931     1154 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(proto)14 b Fn(denotes)i(the)f(proto)q(col)g(and)h(is)f
1932     (of)g(t)o(yp)q(e)g(in)o(t)25 1230 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(si,)15
1933     b(ins)f Fn(are)h Fo(sockbuf)g Fn(ob)s(jects)f(and)i(are)e(in)i
1934     Fi(inet)h Fn(domain)25 1306 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(adr)15 b Fn(denotes)g(an)g
1935     Fi(inet)i Fn(address)e(in)h(host)f(b)o(yte)g(order)g(and)h(is)f(of)g(t)o(yp)q
1936     (e)g(unsigned)i(long)25 1383 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(serv)15 b Fn(denotes)g(a)g
1937     (service)h(lik)o(e)g Fo(")p Fn(nn)o(tp)p Fo(")f Fn(and)h(is)f(of)g(t)o(yp)q
1938     (e)g(c)o(har*)25 1459 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(proto)14 b Fn(denotes)i(a)f(proto)q
1939     (col)g(lik)o(e)h Fo(")p Fn(tcp)p Fo(")f Fn(and)h(is)f(of)g(t)o(yp)q(e)g(c)o
1940     (har*)25 1535 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(thostname)13 b Fn(is)i(of)e(t)o(yp)q(e)i(c)o
1941     (har*)e(and)i(denotes)f(the)g(name)h(of)e(a)h(host)g(lik)o(e)h
1942     Fo("kelvin.acc.virginia.edu")90 1597 y Fn(or)g Fo("128.143.24.31")p
1943     Fn(.)25 1673 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(portno)14 b Fn(denotes)i(a)f(p)q(ort)f(in)j
1944     (host)d(b)o(yte)h(order)g(and)h(is)f(of)g(t)o(yp)q(e)g(in)o(t)0
1945     1812 y Fo(sockinetbuf)f(ins\(ty,)g(proto\))240 1888 y Fn(Constructs)21
1946     b(a)g Fo(sockinetbuf)e Fn(ob)s(ject)i Fo(ins)g Fn(whose)g(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)g
1947     (comm)o(unication)h(t)o(yp)q(e)g(is)g Fo(ty)f Fn(and)240 1950
1948     y(proto)q(col)15 b(is)h Fo(proto)p Fn(.)j Fo(proto)14 b Fn(defaults)i(to)f
1949     (0.)0 2026 y Fo(sockinetbuf)f(ins\(si\))240 2102 y Fn(Constructs)g(a)h
1950     Fo(sockinetbuf)f Fn(ob)s(ject)h Fo(ins)f Fn(whic)o(h)i(uses)g(the)f(same)g
1951     (so)q(c)o(k)o(et)g(as)f Fo(si)h Fn(uses.)0 2179 y Fo(ins)g(=)g(si)66
1952     b Fn(p)q(erforms)17 b(the)h(same)g(function)g(as)f Fo(sockbuf::operator=)p
1953     Fn(.)25 b(See)18 b(Chapter)g(2)f([so)q(c)o(kbuf)h(Class],)240
1954     2241 y(page)d(4,)g(for)f(more)h(details.)0 2317 y Fo(ins.open\(ty,)f(proto\))
1955     240 2393 y Fn(create)g(a)f(new)h Fo(sockinetbuf)e Fn(whose)i(t)o(yp)q(e)g
1956     (and)g(proto)q(col)f(are)h Fo(ty)f Fn(and)h Fo(proto)f Fn(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)
1957     j(and)240 2455 y(assign)f(it)h(to)e Fo(ins)p Fn(.)0 2532 y
1958     Fo(sockinetaddr)g(sina)g(=)h(ins.localaddr\(\))240 2608 y Fn(returns)f(the)f
1959     (lo)q(cal)i Fi(inet)h Fn(address)e(of)f(the)h Fo(sockinetbuf)e
1960     Fn(ob)s(ject)h Fo(ins)p Fn(.)19 b(The)14 b(call)h(will)g(mak)o(e)e(sense)240
1961     2670 y(only)j(after)e(a)h(call)h(to)f(either)h Fo(sockbuf::bind)d
1962     Fn(or)i Fo(sockbuf::connect)p Fn(.)p eop
1963     %%Page: 15 17
1964     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(4:)k(so)q(c)o(kinetbuf)e(Class)1328
1965     b(15)0 183 y Fo(sockinetaddr)14 b(sina)g(=)h(ins.peeraddr\(\))240
1966     255 y Fn(returns)f(the)h(p)q(eer)g Fi(inet)h Fn(address)e(of)g(the)g
1967     Fo(sockinetbuf)f Fn(ob)s(ject)h Fo(ins)p Fn(.)19 b(The)14 b(call)i(will)g
1968     (mak)o(e)d(sense)240 318 y(only)j(after)e(a)h(call)h(to)f Fo
1969     (sockbuf::connect)p Fn(.)0 390 y Fo(const)f(char*)h(hn)g(=)g
1970     (ins.localhost\(\))240 462 y Fn(returns)j(the)f(lo)q(cal)i
1971     Fi(inet)g Fn(thostname)e(of)h(the)f Fo(sockinetbuf)g Fn(ob)s(ject)g
1972     Fo(ins)p Fn(.)26 b(The)18 b(call)h(will)g(mak)o(e)240 524 y(sense)d(only)f
1973     (after)g(a)g(call)h(to)f(either)h Fo(sockbuf::bind)d Fn(or)i
1974     Fo(sockbuf::connect)p Fn(.)0 596 y Fo(const)f(char*)h(hn)g(=)g
1975     (ins.peerhost\(\))240 668 y Fn(returns)j(the)g(p)q(eer)h Fi(inet)h
1976     Fn(thostname)d(of)h(the)g Fo(sockinetbuf)f Fn(ob)s(ject)h Fo(ins)p
1977     Fn(.)28 b(The)18 b(call)i(will)f(mak)o(e)240 730 y(sense)d(only)f(after)g(a)g
1978     (call)h(to)f Fo(sockbuf::connect)p Fn(.)0 802 y Fo(int)g(pn)g(=)g
1979     (ins.localport\(\))240 875 y Fn(returns)26 b(the)g(lo)q(cal)h
1980     Fi(inet)h Fn(p)q(ort)d(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)i(of)e(the)h Fo(sockinetbuf)f
1981     Fn(ob)s(ject)g Fo(ins)h Fn(in)h(host)e(b)o(yte)240 937 y(order.)59
1982     b(The)28 b(call)i(will)g(mak)o(e)e(sense)g(only)h(after)f(a)g(call)h(to)f
1983     (either)h Fo(sockbuf::bind)d Fn(or)240 999 y Fo(sockbuf::connect)p
1984     Fn(.)0 1071 y Fo(int)15 b(pn)g(=)g(ins.peerport\(\))240 1143
1985     y Fn(returns)j(the)g(p)q(eer)h Fi(inet)h Fn(p)q(ort)d(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)i(of)f
1986     (the)g Fo(sockinetbuf)e Fn(ob)s(ject)i Fo(ins)f Fn(in)i(lo)q(cal)h(host)d(b)o
1987     (yte)240 1205 y(order.)j(The)15 b(call)h(will)h(mak)o(e)e(sense)h(only)f
1988     (after)g(a)g(call)h(to)f Fo(sockbuf::connect)p Fn(.)0 1278
1989     y Fo(ins.bind)f(\(\))240 1350 y Fn(binds)i Fo(ins)f Fn(to)g(the)g(default)h
1990     (address)f Fi(INADDR)p 1087 1350 14 2 v 17 w(ANY)22 b Fn(and)15
1991     b(the)g(default)h(p)q(ort.)0 1422 y Fo(ins.bind)e(\(adr,)h(portno\))240
1992     1494 y Fn(binds)h Fo(ins)f Fn(to)g(the)g(address)g Fo(adr)g
1993     Fn(and)g(the)h(p)q(ort)f Fo(portno)p Fn(.)0 1566 y Fo(ins.bind)f(\(adr,)h
1994     (serv,)f(proto\))240 1638 y Fn(binds)j Fo(ins)e Fn(to)f(the)i(address,)f
1995     Fo(adr)g Fn(and)h(the)f(p)q(ort)g(corresp)q(onding)i(to)e(the)g(service)h
1996     Fo(serv)f Fn(and)h(the)240 1700 y(proto)q(col)f Fo(proto>)p
1997     Fn(.)0 1772 y Fo(ins.bind)f(\(thostname,)g(portno\))240 1844
1998     y Fn(binds)24 b Fo(ins)f Fn(to)f(the)h(address)g(corresp)q(onding)h(to)f(the)
1999     g(hostname)f Fo(thostname)g Fn(and)h(the)g(p)q(ort)240 1907
2000     y Fo(portno)p Fn(.)0 1979 y Fo(ins.bind)14 b(\(thostname,)g(serv,)g(proto\))
2001     240 2051 y Fn(binds)j Fo(ins)e Fn(to)f(the)i(address)f(corresp)q(onding)i(to)
2002     d(the)i(hostname)f Fo(thostname)f Fn(and)i(the)f(p)q(ort)g(cor-)240
2003     2113 y(resp)q(onding)h(to)f(the)g(service)h Fo(serv)f Fn(and)g(the)h(proto)q
2004     (col)f Fo(proto>)p Fn(.)0 2185 y Fo(ins.connect)f(\(adr,)g(portno\))240
2005     2257 y Fn(connects)i Fo(ins)e Fn(to)h(the)g(address)g Fo(adr)g
2006     Fn(and)h(the)f(p)q(ort)g Fo(portno)p Fn(.)0 2329 y Fo(ins.connect)f(\(adr,)g
2007     (serv,)h(proto\))240 2401 y Fn(connects)i Fo(ins)f Fn(to)g(the)g(address,)h
2008     Fo(adr)f Fn(and)h(the)f(p)q(ort)g(corresp)q(onding)i(to)e(the)g(service)i
2009     Fo(serv)e Fn(and)240 2464 y(the)f(proto)q(col)g Fo(proto>)p
2010     Fn(.)0 2536 y Fo(ins.connect)f(\(thostname,)f(portno\))240
2011     2608 y Fn(connects)18 b Fo(ins)f Fn(to)h(the)f(address)h(corresp)q(onding)h
2012     (to)e(the)h(hostname)f Fo(thostname)g Fn(and)g(the)h(p)q(ort)240
2013     2670 y Fo(portno)p Fn(.)p eop
2014     %%Page: 16 18
2015     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(4:)k(so)q(c)o(kinetbuf)e(Class)1328
2016     b(16)0 183 y Fo(ins.connect)14 b(\(thostname,)f(serv,)i(proto\))240
2017     259 y Fn(connects)j Fo(ins)f Fn(to)h(the)f(address)h(corresp)q(onding)h(to)e
2018     (the)h(hostname)f Fo(thostname)g Fn(and)g(the)h(p)q(ort)240
2019     321 y(corresp)q(onding)e(to)f(the)g(service)h Fo(serv)f Fn(and)g(the)g(proto)
2020     q(col)h Fo(proto>)p Fn(.)0 554 y Fm(4.2)33 b Fh(inet)15 b Fm(Datagram)f(So)r
2021     (c)n(k)n(ets)62 692 y Fn(The)i(follo)o(wing)h(t)o(w)o(o)d(programs)h
2022     (illustrates)i(ho)o(w)e(to)g(use)h Fo(sockinetbuf)e Fn(class)i(for)g
2023     (datagram)e(connection)0 754 y(in)20 b Fi(inet)g Fn(domain.)32
2024     b Fo(tdinread.cc)17 b Fn(also)i(sho)o(ws)f(ho)o(w)h(to)f(use)h
2025     Fo(isockinet)f Fn(class)h(and)g Fo(tdinwrite.cc)f Fn(sho)o(ws)0
2026     816 y(ho)o(w)d(to)f(use)i Fo(osockinet)e Fn(class.)0 1032 y
2027     Fg(tdinread.cc)120 1170 y Fo(//)24 b(reads)f(data)g(sent)g(by)h(tdinwrite.cc)
2028     120 1220 y(#include)f(<sockinet.h>)120 1320 y(int)g(main\(int)g(ac,)h(char**)
2029     f(av\))120 1370 y({)311 1419 y(isockinet)46 b(is)24 b
2030     (\(sockbuf::sock_dgram\);)311 1469 y(is->bind\(\);)311 1569
2031     y(cout)f(<<)h("localhost)e(=)i(")g(<<)f(so.localhost\(\))f(<<)i(endl)430
2032     1619 y(<<)g("localport)e(=)i(")g(<<)f(so.localport\(\))f(<<)i(endl;)311
2033     1718 y(char)214 b(buf[256];)311 1768 y(int)238 b(n;)311 1868
2034     y(is)23 b(>>)h(n;)311 1917 y(cout)f(<<)h(av[0])f(<<)h(":)f(";)311
2035     1967 y(while\(n--\))f({)502 2017 y(is)h(>>)h(buf;)502 2067
2036     y(cout)f(<<)h(buf)f(<<)h(')f(';)311 2117 y(})311 2167 y(cout)g(<<)h(endl;)311
2037     2266 y(return)f(0;)120 2316 y(})0 2532 y Fg(tdin)n(write.cc)120
2038     2670 y Fo(//)h(sends)f(data)g(to)h(tdinread.cc)p eop
2039     %%Page: 17 19
2040     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(4:)k(so)q(c)o(kinetbuf)e(Class)1328
2041     b(17)120 183 y Fo(#include)23 b(<sockinetbuf.h>)120 233 y(#include)g
2042     (<stdlib.h>)120 333 y(int)g(main\(int)g(ac,)h(char**)f(av\))120
2043     382 y({)311 432 y(if)g(\(ac)h(<)g(3\))f({)502 482 y(cerr)g(<<)h("USAGE:)f(")g
2044     (<<)h(av[0])f(<<)h(")f(thostname)g(port-number)f(")621 532
2045     y(<<)i("data)f(...)g(")h(<<)g(endl;)502 582 y(return)f(1;)311
2046     632 y(})311 731 y(osockinet)g(os)g(\(sockbuf::sock_dgram\);)311
2047     781 y(os->connect)f(\(av[1],)h(atoi\(av[2]\)\);)311 881 y(cout)g(<<)h
2048     ("local:)f(")g(<<)h(so.localport\(\))e(<<)i(')f(')740 930 y(<<)h
2049     (so.localhost\(\))e(<<)i(endl)430 980 y(<<)g("peer:)47 b(")23
2050     b(<<)h(so.peerport\(\))e(<<)i(')f(')740 1030 y(<<)h(so.peerhost\(\))e(<<)i
2051     (endl;)311 1130 y(os)f(<<)h(ac-3;)f(av)h(+=)f(3;)311 1180 y(while\(*av\))f
2052     (os)i(<<)g(*av++)f(<<)g(')h(';)311 1229 y(os)f(<<)h(endl;)311
2053     1329 y(return)f(0;)120 1379 y(})0 1664 y Fm(4.3)33 b Fh(inet)15
2054     b Fm(Stream)g(So)r(c)n(k)n(ets)62 1802 y Fn(The)j(follo)o(wing)g(t)o(w)o(o)e
2055     (programs)h(illustrates)h(the)g(use)f(of)g Fo(sockinetbuf)f
2056     Fn(class)i(for)f(stream)g(connection)h(in)0 1865 y Fi(inet)f
2057     Fn(domain.)j(It)15 b(also)h(sho)o(ws)e(ho)o(w)h(to)f(use)i
2058     Fo(iosockinet)e Fn(class.)0 2083 y Fg(tsinread.cc)120 2222
2059     y Fo(//)24 b(receives)e(strings)h(from)h(tsinwrite.cc)e(and)h(sends)g(the)h
2060     (strlen)120 2271 y(//)g(of)f(each)g(string)h(back)f(to)g(tsinwrite.cc)120
2061     2321 y(#include)190 b(<sockinet.h>)120 2421 y(int)23 b(main\(\))120
2062     2471 y({)311 2521 y(sockinetbuf)118 b(si\(sockbuf::sock_stream\))o(;)311
2063     2570 y(si.bind\(\);)311 2670 y(cout)23 b(<<)h(si.localhost\(\))e(<<)h(')h(')g
2064     (<<)f(si.localport\(\))f(<<)i(endl;)p eop
2065     %%Page: 18 20
2066     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(4:)k(so)q(c)o(kinetbuf)e(Class)1328
2067     b(18)311 183 y Fo(si.listen\(\);)311 283 y(iosockinet)22 b(s)i(=)g
2068     (si.accept\(\);)311 333 y(char)238 b(buf[1024];)311 432 y(while)23
2069     b(\(s)h(>>)f(buf\))h({)502 482 y(cout)f(<<)h(buf)f(<<)h(')f(';)502
2070     532 y(s)h(<<)f(::strlen\(buf\))f(<<)i(endl;)311 582 y(})311
2071     632 y(cout)f(<<)h(endl;)311 731 y(return)f(0;)120 781 y(})0
2072     989 y Fg(tsin)n(write.cc)120 1126 y Fo(//)h(sends)f(strings)g(to)g
2073     (tsinread.cc)g(and)g(gets)g(back)h(their)f(length)120 1175
2074     y(//)h(usage:)f(tsinwrite)f(hostname)h(portno)120 1225 y(//)191
2075     b(see)23 b(the)h(output)f(of)g(tsinread)g(for)g(what)h(hostname)e(and)i
2076     (portno)f(to)h(use)120 1325 y(#include)190 b(<sockinet.h>)120
2077     1375 y(#include)g(<stdlib.h>)120 1474 y(int)23 b(main\(int)g(ac,)h(char**)f
2078     (av\))120 1524 y({)311 1574 y(iosockinet)f(sio)i(\(sockbuf::sock_stream\);)
2079     311 1624 y(sio->connect)e(\(av[1],)h(atoi)g(\(av[2]\)\);)311
2080     1723 y(sio)g(<<)h("Hello!)f(This)g(is)h(a)f(test\\n")g(<<)h(flush;)311
2081     1823 y(//)f(terminate)g(the)h(while)f(loop)g(in)h(tsinread.cc)311
2082     1873 y(si.shutdown\(sockbuf::shut)o(_write\);)311 1972 y(int)f(len;)311
2083     2022 y(while)g(\(s)h(>>)f(len\))h(cout)f(<<)g(len)h(<<)g(')f(';)311
2084     2072 y(cout)g(<<)h(endl;)311 2172 y(return)f(0;)120 2221 y(})p
2085     eop
2086     %%Page: 19 21
2087     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(5:)k(so)q(c)o(kinetaddr)d(Class)1302
2088     b(19)0 183 y Fk(5)41 b(so)r(c)n(kinetaddr)14 b(Class)62 369
2089     y Fn(Class)c Fo(sockinetaddr)f Fn(is)i(deriv)o(ed)g(from)e
2090     Fo(sockAddr)g Fn(declared)i(in)g Fo(<sockstream.h>)e Fn(and)h(from)f
2091     Fo(sockaddr_in)0 432 y Fn(declared)17 b(in)f Fo(<netinet/in.h>)p
2092     Fn(.)i(Alw)o(a)o(ys)d(use)g(a)g Fo(sockinetaddr)f Fn(ob)s(ject)h(for)f(an)i
2093     (address)f(with)h Fi(inet)h Fn(domain)0 494 y(of)e(so)q(c)o(k)o(ets.)k(See)d
2094     (Section)g(2.4)e([Connection)i(Establishmen)o(t],)f(page)g(9.)62
2095     631 y(In)h(what)f(follo)o(ws,)25 768 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(adr)15
2096     b Fn(denotes)g(an)g Fi(inet)i Fn(address)e(in)h(host)f(b)o(yte)g(order)g(and)
2097     h(is)f(of)g(t)o(yp)q(e)g(unsigned)i(long)25 842 y Fl(\000)30
2098     b Fo(serv)15 b Fn(denotes)g(a)g(service)h(lik)o(e)g Fo(")p
2099     Fn(nn)o(tp)p Fo(")f Fn(and)h(is)f(of)g(t)o(yp)q(e)g(c)o(har*)25
2100     917 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(proto)14 b Fn(denotes)i(a)f(proto)q(col)g(lik)o(e)h
2101     Fo(")p Fn(tcp)p Fo(")f Fn(and)h(is)f(of)g(t)o(yp)q(e)g(c)o(har*)25
2102     991 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(thostname)13 b Fn(is)i(of)e(t)o(yp)q(e)i(c)o(har*)e
2103     (and)i(denotes)f(the)g(name)h(of)e(a)h(host)g(lik)o(e)h Fo
2104     ("kelvin.acc.virginia.edu")90 1054 y Fn(or)g Fo("128.143.24.31")p
2105     Fn(.)25 1128 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(portno)14 b Fn(denotes)i(a)f(p)q(ort)f(in)j
2106     (host)d(b)o(yte)h(order)g(and)h(is)f(of)g(t)o(yp)q(e)g(in)o(t)0
2107     1265 y Fo(sockinetaddr)f(sina)240 1340 y Fn(Constructs)g(a)h
2108     Fo(sockinetaddr)e Fn(ob)s(ject)h Fo(sina)g Fn(with)i(default)f(address)g
2109     Fi(INADDR)p 1664 1340 14 2 v 17 w(ANY)21 b Fn(and)15 b(de-)240
2110     1402 y(fault)g(p)q(ort)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(0.)0 1477 y Fo(sockinetaddr)e
2111     (sina\(adr,)f(portno\))240 1551 y Fn(Constructs)g(a)g Fo(sockinetaddr)f
2112     Fn(ob)s(ject)h Fo(sina)g Fn(setting)g(inet)i(address)e(to)g
2113     Fo(adr)g Fn(and)h(the)g(p)q(ort)f(n)o(um-)240 1613 y(b)q(er)j(to)e
2114     Fo(portno)p Fn(.)19 b Fo(portno)c Fn(defaults)g(to)g(0.)0 1688
2115     y Fo(sockinetaddr)f(sina\(adr,)f(serv,)i(proto\))240 1762 y
2116     Fn(Constructs)e(a)g Fo(sockinetaddr)f Fn(ob)s(ject)h Fo(sina)g
2117     Fn(setting)g(inet)i(address)e(to)g Fo(adr)g Fn(and)h(the)g(p)q(ort)f(n)o(um-)
2118     240 1825 y(b)q(er)k(corresp)q(onding)h(to)e(the)h(service)g
2119     Fo(serv)g Fn(and)g(the)f(proto)q(col)h Fo(proto)p Fn(.)24 b(The)17
2120     b(proto)q(col)f(defaults)240 1887 y(to)f Fo(")p Fn(tcp)p Fo(")p
2121     Fn(.)0 1961 y Fo(sockinetaddr)f(sina\(thostname,)f(portno\))240
2122     2036 y Fn(Constructs)29 b(a)g Fo(sockinetaddr)f Fn(ob)s(ject)g
2123     Fo(sina)h Fn(setting)h(inet)g(address)g(to)e(the)i(address)f(of)240
2124     2098 y Fo(thostname)14 b Fn(and)h(the)h(p)q(ort)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)i(to)f
2125     Fo(portno)p Fn(.)k Fo(portno)14 b Fn(defaults)i(to)e(0.)0 2173
2126     y Fo(sockinetaddr)g(sina\(thostname,)f(serv,)h(proto\))240
2127     2247 y Fn(Constructs)29 b(a)g Fo(sockinetaddr)f Fn(ob)s(ject)g
2128     Fo(sina)h Fn(setting)h(inet)g(address)g(to)e(the)i(address)f(of)240
2129     2310 y Fo(thostname)20 b Fn(and)i(the)f(p)q(ort)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(corresp)q
2130     (onding)i(to)e(the)g(service)i Fo(serv)d Fn(and)i(the)g(proto-)240
2131     2372 y(col)16 b Fo(proto)p Fn(.)j(The)c(proto)q(col)g(defaults)h(to)f
2132     Fo(")p Fn(tcp)p Fo(")p Fn(.)0 2446 y Fo(void*)f(a)h(=)g(sina)240
2133     2521 y Fn(returns)g(the)g(address)h(of)e(the)i Fo(sockaddr_in)d
2134     Fn(part)i(of)g Fo(sockinetaddr)e Fn(ob)s(ject)i Fo(sina)f Fn(as)h(v)o(oid*.)0
2135     2595 y Fo(int)g(sz)g(=)g(sina.size\(\))240 2670 y Fn(returns)g(the)g(sizeof)h
2136     Fo(sockaddr_in)e Fn(part)g(of)h Fo(sockinetaddr)f Fn(ob)s(ject)g
2137     Fo(sina)p Fn(.)p eop
2138     %%Page: 20 22
2139     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(5:)k(so)q(c)o(kinetaddr)d(Class)1302
2140     b(20)0 183 y Fo(int)15 b(af)g(=)g(sina.family\(\))240 258 y
2141     Fn(returns)g Fo(sockinetbuf::af_inet)d Fn(if)k(all)g(is)g(w)o(ell.)0
2142     333 y Fo(int)f(pn)g(=)g(sina.getport\(\))240 407 y Fn(returns)g(the)g(p)q
2143     (ort)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(of)f(the)g Fo(sockinetaddr)e Fn(ob)s(ject)i
2144     Fo(sina)g Fn(in)h(host)e(b)o(yte)h(order.)0 482 y Fo(const)f(char*)h(hn)g(=)g
2145     (getthostname\(\))240 557 y Fn(returns)g(the)g(host)g(name)g(of)g(the)g
2146     Fo(sockinetaddr)f Fn(ob)s(ject)g Fo(sina)p Fn(.)p eop
2147     %%Page: 21 23
2148     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(6:)k(so)q(c)o(kunixbuf)e(Class)1317
2149     b(21)0 183 y Fk(6)41 b(so)r(c)n(kunixbuf)12 b(Class)62 353
2150     y Fo(sockunixbuf)d Fn(class)i(is)g(deriv)o(ed)g(from)f Fo(sockbuf)g
2151     Fn(class)g(declared)i(in)f Fo(<sockstream.h>)e Fn(and)i(hence,)h(inherits)0
2152     416 y(most)j(of)g(the)h(public)i(mem)o(b)q(er)d(functions)i(of)e
2153     Fo(sockbuf)p Fn(.)20 b(See)d(Chapter)e(2)g([so)q(c)o(kbuf)h(Class],)f(page)g
2154     (4,)g(for)g(more)0 478 y(information)g(on)g Fo(sockbuf)p Fn(.)0
2155     686 y Fm(6.1)33 b(Metho)r(ds)62 823 y Fn(In)16 b(what)f(follo)o(ws,)25
2156     960 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(ty)15 b Fn(denotes)g(the)h(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)e(t)o(yp)q
2157     (e)h(and)h(is)g(of)e(t)o(yp)q(e)i Fo(sockbuf::type)25 1030
2158     y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(proto)14 b Fn(denotes)i(the)f(proto)q(col)g(n)o(um)o(b)q
2159     (er)h(and)f(is)h(of)f(t)o(yp)q(e)g(in)o(t)25 1101 y Fl(\000)30
2160     b Fo(su)15 b Fn(is)h(a)e Fo(sockbuf)h Fn(and)g(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)h(in)g
2161     Fi(unix)j Fn(domain)25 1171 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(path)15 b Fn(is)g(the)h
2162     Fi(unix)j Fn(path)c(name)g(lik)o(e)i Fo(")p Fn(/tmp/unix)p
2163     981 1171 14 2 v 16 w(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)p Fo(")0 1308 y(sockunixbuf)d(uns\(ty,)g
2164     (proto\))240 1379 y Fn(Constructs)k(a)g Fo(sockunixbuf)f Fn(ob)s(ject)h
2165     Fo(uns)g Fn(with)h Fo(ty)f Fn(as)g(its)h(t)o(yp)q(e)g(and)f
2166     Fo(proto)g Fn(as)g(its)h(proto)q(col)240 1441 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)h
2167     Fo(proto)15 b Fn(defaults)g(to)g(0.)0 1512 y Fo(sockunixbuf)f(uns)g(=)h(su)
2168     240 1582 y Fn(Constructs)f(a)h Fo(sockunixbuf)f Fn(ob)s(ject)h
2169     Fo(uns)f Fn(whic)o(h)i(uses)g(the)f(same)g(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)g(as)f(is)i(used)g
2170     (b)o(y)f Fo(su)p Fn(.)0 1653 y Fo(uns)g(=)g(su)66 b(sockunixbuf)14
2171     b Fn(ob)s(ject)h Fo(uns)g Fn(closes)g(its)h(curren)o(t)f(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)g
2172     (if)h(no)f(other)g Fo(sockbuf)f Fn(is)i(referring)g(to)f(it)240
2173     1715 y(and)g(uses)h(the)f(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)g(that)f Fo(sockbuf)g
2174     Fn(ob)s(ject)h Fo(su)g Fn(is)h(using.)0 1786 y Fo(uns.open\(ty,)e(proto\))240
2175     1856 y Fn(create)h(a)h Fo(sockunixbuf)e Fn(ob)s(ject)h(with)h
2176     Fo(ty)f Fn(as)h(its)g(t)o(yp)q(e)f(and)h Fo(proto)f Fn(as)g(its)h(proto)q
2177     (col)g(and)g(assign)240 1919 y(the)f Fo(sockunixbuf)f Fn(ob)s(ject)h(so)f
2178     (created)i(to)e Fo(*this)p Fn(.)19 b(It)d(returns)f Fo(this)p
2179     Fn(.)k Fo(proto)14 b Fn(defaults)i(to)f(0.)0 1989 y Fo(uns.bind\(path\))240
2180     2060 y Fn(binds)h Fo(uns)f Fn(to)g(the)g Fi(unix)k Fn(pathname)d
2181     Fo(path)p Fn(.)0 2130 y Fo(uns.connect\(path\))240 2201 y Fn(connects)g
2182     Fo(uns)e Fn(to)h(the)g Fi(unix)20 b Fn(pathname)15 b Fo(path)p
2183     Fn(.)0 2408 y Fm(6.2)33 b Fh(unix)17 b Fm(Datagram)d(So)r(c)n(k)n(ets)62
2184     2545 y Fn(The)i(follo)o(wing)h(t)o(w)o(o)d(programs)h(illustrates)i(ho)o(w)e
2185     (to)g(use)h Fo(sockunixbuf)e Fn(class)i(for)g(datagram)e(connection)0
2186     2608 y(in)19 b Fi(unix)j Fn(domain.)29 b Fo(tdunread.cc)16
2187     b Fn(also)i(sho)o(ws)g(ho)o(w)f(to)h(use)g Fo(isockunix)f Fn(class)h(and)g
2188     Fo(tdunwrite.cc)f Fn(sho)o(ws)0 2670 y(ho)o(w)e(to)f(use)i
2189     Fo(osockunix)e Fn(class.)p eop
2190     %%Page: 22 24
2191     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(6:)k(so)q(c)o(kunixbuf)e(Class)1317
2192     b(22)0 183 y Fg(tdunread.cc)120 321 y Fo(//)24 b(reads)f(data)g(sent)g(by)h
2193     (tdunwrite.cc)120 371 y(#include)f(<sockunix.h>)120 421 y(#include)g
2194     (<unistd.h>)120 471 y(#include)g(<errno.h>)120 570 y(int)g(main\(int)g(ac,)h
2195     (char**)f(av\))120 620 y({)311 670 y(if)g(\(ac)h(!=)g(2\))f({)502
2196     720 y(cerr)g(<<)h("USAGE:)f(")g(<<)h(av[0])f(<<)h(")f(socket_path_name\\n";)
2197     502 770 y(return)g(1;)311 820 y(})311 919 y(//)g(isockunix)g(builds)g(the)h
2198     (sockunixbuf)e(object)311 969 y(isockunix)46 b(su)24 b
2199     (\(sockbuf::sock_dgram\);)311 1069 y(su->bind\(av[1]\);)311
2200     1168 y(cout)f(<<)h("Socket)f(name)g(=)h(")f(<<)h(av[1])f(<<)h(endl;)311
2201     1268 y(if)f(\(chmod\(av[1],)g(0777\))g(==)g(-1\))h({)502 1318
2202     y(perror\("chmod"\);)502 1367 y(return)f(1;)311 1417 y(})311
2203     1517 y(char)g(buf[1024];)311 1567 y(int)g(i;)311 1617 y(su)g(>>)h(i;)311
2204     1666 y(cout)f(<<)h(av[0])f(<<)h(":)f(")h(<<)f(i)h(<<)g(")g(strings:)e(";)311
2205     1716 y(while)h(\(i--\))g({)502 1766 y(su)g(>>)h(buf;)502 1816
2206     y(cout)47 b(<<)24 b(buf)f(<<)h(')f(';)311 1866 y(})311 1915
2207     y(cout)g(<<)h(endl;)311 2015 y(unlink\(av[1]\);)311 2065 y(return)f(0;)120
2208     2115 y(})0 2333 y Fg(tdun)n(write.cc)120 2471 y Fo(//)h(sends)f(data)g(to)h
2209     (tdunread.cc)120 2521 y(#include)f(<sockunix.h>)120 2620 y(int)g(main\(int)g
2210     (ac,)h(char**)f(av\))120 2670 y({)p eop
2211     %%Page: 23 25
2212     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(6:)k(so)q(c)o(kunixbuf)e(Class)1317
2213     b(23)311 183 y Fo(if)23 b(\(ac)h(<)g(2\))f({)502 233 y(cerr)g(<<)h("USAGE:)f
2214     (")g(<<)h(av[0])621 283 y(<<)g(")f(socket_path_name)f(data...\\n";)502
2215     333 y(return)h(1;)311 382 y(})311 482 y(osockunix)g(su)g
2216     (\(sockbuf::sock_dgram\);)120 582 y(su->connect)f(\(av[1]\);)311
2217     681 y(su)h(<<)h(ac)g(<<)f(')h(';)311 731 y(while)f(\(*av\))g({)h(su)g(<<)f
2218     (av[i])g(<<)h(')g(';)f(av++;)g(})311 781 y(su)g(<<)h(endl;)311
2219     881 y(return)f(0;)120 930 y(})0 1166 y Fm(6.3)33 b Fh(unix)17
2220     b Fm(Stream)f(So)r(c)n(k)n(ets)62 1304 y Fn(The)g(follo)o(wing)h(t)o(w)o(o)e
2221     (programs)f(illustrates)j(ho)o(w)f(to)f(use)h Fo(sockunixbuf)f
2222     Fn(class)h(for)f(stream)g(connection)i(in)0 1366 y Fi(unix)i
2223     Fn(domain.)i(It)15 b(also)g(sho)o(ws)g(ho)o(w)f(to)h(use)g
2224     Fo(iosockunix)f Fn(class.)0 1585 y Fg(tsunread.cc)120 1724
2225     y Fo(//)24 b(exchanges)e(char)i(strings)e(with)i(tsunwrite.cc)120
2226     1773 y(#include)f(<sockunix.h>)120 1823 y(#include)g(<unistd.h>)120
2227     1873 y(#include)g(<errno.h>)120 1973 y(int)g(main\(int)g(ac,)h(char**)f(av\))
2228     120 2022 y({)311 2072 y(if)g(\(ac)h(!=)g(2\))f({)502 2122 y(cerr)g(<<)h
2229     ("USAGE:)f(")g(<<)h(av[0])f(<<)h(")f(socket_path_name\\n";)502
2230     2172 y(return)g(1;)311 2222 y(})311 2321 y(sockunixbuf)46 b
2231     (su\(sockbuf::sock_stream\);)311 2371 y(su.bind\(av)22 b([1]\);)311
2232     2471 y(cout)h(<<)h("Socket)f(name)g(=)h(")f(<<)h(av[1])f(<<)h(endl;)311
2233     2570 y(if)f(\(chmod\(av[1],)g(0777\))g(==)g(-1\))h({)502 2620
2234     y(perror\("chmod"\);)502 2670 y(return)f(1;)p eop
2235     %%Page: 24 26
2236     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(6:)k(so)q(c)o(kunixbuf)e(Class)1317
2237     b(24)311 183 y Fo(})311 283 y(su.listen\(3\);)311 382 y(iosockunix)22
2238     b(ioput)i(=)f(su.accept)g(\(\);)311 432 y(char)166 b(buf[1024];)311
2239     532 y(ioput)23 b(<<)h(av[0])f(<<)g(')h(')g(<<)f(av[1])h(<<)f(endl;)311
2240     582 y(while)g(\()h(ioput)f(>>)h(buf)f(\))h(cout)f(<<)h(av[0])f(<<)g(":)h(")g
2241     (<<)f(buf)h(<<)f(endl;)311 632 y(unlink\(av[1]\);)311 681 y(return)g(0;)120
2242     731 y(})0 939 y Fg(tsun)n(write.cc)120 1076 y Fo(//)h(exchanges)e(char)i
2243     (strings)e(with)i(tsunread.cc)120 1126 y(#include)f(<sockunix.h>)120
2244     1225 y(int)g(main\(int)g(ac,)h(char**)f(av\))120 1275 y({)311
2245     1325 y(if)g(\(ac)h(<)g(2\))f({)502 1375 y(cerr)g(<<)h("USAGE:)f(")g(<<)h
2246     (av[0])621 1424 y(<<)g(")f(socket_path_name)f(data...\\n";)502
2247     1474 y(return)h(1;)311 1524 y(})311 1624 y(iosockunix)f(oput)i
2248     (\(sockbuf::sock_stream\);)311 1673 y(oput->connect)e(\(av)h([1]\);)311
2249     1773 y(char)g(buf[128];)311 1873 y(oput)g(>>)h(buf;)311 1923
2250     y(cout)f(<<)h(buf)f(<<)h(')g(';)311 1972 y(oput)f(>>)h(buf;)311
2251     2022 y(cout)f(<<)h(buf)f(<<)h(endl;)311 2122 y(while)f(\(*av\))g(oput)h(<<)f
2252     (*av++)g(<<)h(')g(';)311 2172 y(oput)f(<<)h(endl;)311 2271
2253     y(return)f(0;)120 2321 y(})p eop
2254     %%Page: 25 27
2255     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(7:)k(so)q(c)o(kunixaddr)e(Class)1290
2256     b(25)0 183 y Fk(7)41 b(so)r(c)n(kunixaddr)13 b(Class)62 370
2257     y Fn(Class)e Fo(sockunixaddr)e Fn(is)j(deriv)o(ed)g(from)e(class)h
2258     Fo(sockAddr)f Fn(declared)i(in)f Fo(<sockstream.h>)e Fn(and)i(from)f(struct)0
2259     432 y Fo(sockaddr_un)15 b Fn(declared)i(in)h Fo(<sys/un.h>)p
2260     Fn(.)k(Alw)o(a)o(ys)16 b(use)g Fo(sockunixaddr)f Fn(ob)s(jects)h(for)g
2261     (addresses)g(with)h Fi(unix)0 495 y Fn(domain)f(of)e(so)q(c)o(k)o(ets.)20
2262     b(See)15 b(Section)i(2.4)d([Connection)h(Establishmen)o(t],)g(page)g(9.)62
2263     632 y(In)h(what)f(follo)o(ws,)25 769 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(path)15
2264     b Fn(is)g(the)h Fi(unix)j Fn(path)c(name)g(lik)o(e)i Fo(")p
2265     Fn(/tmp/unix)p 981 769 14 2 v 16 w(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)p Fo(")0
2266     906 y(sockunixaddr)d(suna\(path\))240 980 y Fn(Constructs)g(a)h
2267     Fo(sockunixaddr)f Fn(ob)s(ject)g Fo(suna)h Fn(with)h Fo(path)e
2268     Fn(as)h(the)g Fi(unix)20 b Fn(path)15 b(name.)0 1055 y Fo(void*)f(a)h(=)g
2269     (suna)240 1130 y Fn(returns)g(the)g(address)h(of)e(the)i Fo(sockaddr_un)d
2270     Fn(part)i(of)g Fo(sockunixaddr)e Fn(ob)s(ject)i Fo(suna)f Fn(as)h(v)o(oid*.)0
2271     1204 y Fo(int)g(sz)g(=)g(suna.size\(\))240 1279 y Fn(returns)g(the)g(sizeof)h
2272     Fo(sockaddr_un)e Fn(part)g(of)h Fo(sockunixaddr)f Fn(ob)s(ject)g
2273     Fo(suna)p Fn(.)0 1354 y Fo(int)h(af)g(=)g(suna.family\(\))240
2274     1429 y Fn(returns)g Fo(sockunixbuf::af_unix)d Fn(if)k(all)g(is)g(w)o(ell.)p
2275     eop
2276     %%Page: 26 28
2277     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(8:)k(so)q(c)o(kstream)c(Classes)1296
2278     b(26)0 183 y Fk(8)41 b(so)r(c)n(kstream)15 b(Classes)62 360
2279     y Fn(so)q(c)o(kstream)k(classes)i(are)f(designed)h(in)g(suc)o(h)g(a)f(w)o(a)o
2280     (y)f(that)g(they)i(pro)o(vide)f(the)g(same)g(in)o(terface)h(as)e(their)0
2281     422 y(stream)e(coun)o(terparts)g(do.)28 b(W)l(e)18 b(ha)o(v)o(e)g
2282     Fo(isockstream)e Fn(deriv)o(ed)j(from)e Fo(istream)g Fn(and)i
2283     Fo(osockstream)d Fn(deriv)o(ed)0 485 y(from)e Fo(ostream)p
2284     Fn(.)19 b(W)l(e)d(also)f(ha)o(v)o(e)g Fo(iosockstream)e Fn(whic)o(h)j(is)g
2285     (deriv)o(ed)g(from)f Fo(iostream)p Fn(.)62 622 y(Eac)o(h)f(domain)h(also)f
2286     (has)g(its)h(o)o(wn)e(set)h(of)g Fo(stream)g Fn(classes.)20
2287     b(F)l(or)13 b(example,)i Fo(unix)f Fn(domain)g(has)h Fo(isockunix)p
2288     Fn(,)0 684 y Fo(osockunix)p Fn(,)e(and)h Fo(iosockunix)e Fn(deriv)o(ed)j
2289     (from)f Fo(isockstream)p Fn(,)e Fo(osockstream)p Fn(,)g(and)j
2290     Fo(iosockstream)d Fn(resp)q(ec-)0 746 y(tiv)o(ely)l(.)21 b(Similarly)l(,)c
2291     Fo(inet)e Fn(domain)g(has)g Fo(isockinet)p Fn(,)f Fo(osockinet)p
2292     Fn(,)f(and)j Fo(iosockinet)p Fn(.)0 960 y Fm(8.1)33 b(ioso)r(c)n(kstreams)0
2293     1158 y Fg(8.1.1)d(iso)r(c)n(kstream)16 b(Class)62 1295 y Fn(Since)i
2294     Fo(isockstream)d Fn(is)j(publicly)h(deriv)o(ed)f(from)d Fo(istream)p
2295     Fn(,)h(most)g(of)g(the)h(public)h(functions)g(of)e Fo(istream)0
2296     1357 y Fn(are)f(also)g(a)o(v)m(ailable)i(in)f Fo(isockstream)p
2297     Fn(.)62 1494 y Fo(isockstream)h Fn(rede\014nes)i Fo(rdbuf\(\))f
2298     Fn(de\014ned)h(in)g(its)g(virtual)g(base)f(class)h Fo(ios)p
2299     Fn(.)29 b(Since,)20 b Fo(ios::rdbuf\(\))c Fn(is)0 1557 y(not)f(virtual,)h
2300     (care)g(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)h(tak)o(en)g(to)f(call)h(the)g(correct)g
2301     Fo(rdbuf\(\))e Fn(through)i(a)f(reference)h(or)f(a)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(to)f(an)
2302     0 1619 y(ob)s(ject)g(of)f(class)i Fo(isockstream)p Fn(.)62
2303     1756 y(In)g(what)f(follo)o(ws,)25 1893 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(sb)15
2304     b Fn(is)h(a)e Fo(sockbuf)h Fn(ob)s(ject)25 1965 y Fl(\000)30
2305     b Fo(sbp)15 b Fn(is)g(a)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(to)f(a)f Fo(sockbuf)h
2306     Fn(ob)s(ject)0 2102 y Fo(isockstream)f(is\(sb\))240 2174 y
2307     Fn(Constructs)g(an)i Fo(isockstream)d Fn(ob)s(ject)i Fo(is)g
2308     Fn(with)g Fo(sb)g Fn(as)g(its)g Fo(sockbuf)p Fn(.)0 2247 y
2309     Fo(isockstream)f(is\(sbp\))240 2319 y Fn(Constructs)g(an)i
2310     Fo(isockstream)d Fn(ob)s(ject)i Fo(is)g Fn(with)g Fo(*sbp)g
2311     Fn(as)g(its)g Fo(sockbuf)p Fn(.)0 2391 y Fo(sbp)g(=)g(is.rdbuf\(\))240
2312     2463 y Fn(returns)g(a)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(to)e(the)h Fo(sockbuf)g
2313     Fn(of)f(the)i Fo(isockstream)d Fn(ob)s(ject)i Fo(is)p Fn(.)0
2314     2535 y Fo(isockstream::operator)d(->)j(\(\))240 2608 y Fn(returns)f(a)f(p)q
2315     (oin)o(ter)h(to)f(the)h Fo(isockstream)p Fn('s)e Fo(sockbuf)h
2316     Fn(so)g(that)g(the)h(user)g(can)f(use)i Fo(isockstream)240
2317     2670 y Fn(ob)s(ject)g(as)f(a)h Fo(sockbuf)g Fn(ob)s(ject.)p
2318     eop
2319     %%Page: 27 29
2320     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(8:)k(so)q(c)o(kstream)c(Classes)1296
2321     b(27)455 183 y Fo(is->connect)23 b(\(sa\);)g(//)h(same)f(as)g
2322     (is.rdbuf\(\)->connect)f(\(sa\);)0 392 y Fg(8.1.2)30 b(oso)r(c)n(kstream)15
2323     b(Class)62 529 y Fn(Since)j Fo(osockstream)d Fn(is)j(publicly)h(deriv)o(ed)f
2324     (from)d Fo(ostream)p Fn(,)h(most)g(of)g(the)h(public)h(functions)g(of)e
2325     Fo(ostream)0 591 y Fn(are)f(also)g(a)o(v)m(ailable)i(in)f Fo(osockstream)p
2326     Fn(.)62 728 y Fo(osockstream)h Fn(rede\014nes)i Fo(rdbuf\(\))f
2327     Fn(de\014ned)h(in)g(its)g(virtual)g(base)f(class)h Fo(ios)p
2328     Fn(.)29 b(Since,)20 b Fo(ios::rdbuf\(\))c Fn(is)0 791 y(not)f(virtual,)h
2329     (care)g(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)h(tak)o(en)g(to)f(call)h(the)g(correct)g
2330     Fo(rdbuf\(\))e Fn(through)i(a)f(reference)h(or)f(a)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(to)f(an)
2331     0 853 y(ob)s(ject)g(of)f(class)i Fo(osockstream)p Fn(.)62 990
2332     y(In)g(what)f(follo)o(ws,)25 1127 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(sb)15 b
2333     Fn(is)h(a)e Fo(sockbuf)h Fn(ob)s(ject)25 1202 y Fl(\000)30
2334     b Fo(sbp)15 b Fn(is)g(a)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(to)f(a)f Fo(sockbuf)h
2335     Fn(ob)s(ject)0 1339 y Fo(osockstream)f(os\(sb\))240 1414 y
2336     Fn(Constructs)g(an)i Fo(osockstream)d Fn(ob)s(ject)i Fo(os)g
2337     Fn(with)g Fo(sb)g Fn(as)g(its)g Fo(sockbuf)p Fn(.)0 1489 y
2338     Fo(osockstream)f(os\(sbp\))240 1564 y Fn(Constructs)g(an)i
2339     Fo(osockstream)d Fn(ob)s(ject)i Fo(os)g Fn(with)g Fo(*sbp)g
2340     Fn(as)g(its)g Fo(sockbuf)p Fn(.)0 1639 y Fo(sbp)g(=)g(os.rdbuf\(\))240
2341     1713 y Fn(returns)g(a)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(to)e(the)h Fo(sockbuf)g
2342     Fn(of)f(the)i Fo(osockstream)d Fn(ob)s(ject)i Fo(os)p Fn(.)0
2343     1788 y Fo(osockstream::operator)d(->)j(\(\))240 1863 y Fn(returns)f(a)f(p)q
2344     (oin)o(ter)h(to)f(the)h Fo(osockstream)p Fn('s)e Fo(sockbuf)h
2345     Fn(so)g(that)g(the)h(user)g(can)f(use)i Fo(osockstream)240
2346     1925 y Fn(ob)s(ject)g(as)f(a)h Fo(sockbuf)g Fn(ob)s(ject.)455
2347     2000 y Fo(os->connect)23 b(\(sa\);)g(//)h(same)f(as)g(os.rdbuf\(\)->connect)f
2348     (\(sa\);)0 2209 y Fg(8.1.3)30 b(ioso)r(c)n(kstream)15 b(Class)62
2349     2346 y Fn(Since)e Fo(iosockstream)c Fn(is)j(publicly)i(deriv)o(ed)e(from)e
2350     Fo(iostream)p Fn(,)g(most)h(of)f(the)h(public)j(functions)d(of)g
2351     Fo(iostream)0 2408 y Fn(are)k(also)g(a)o(v)m(ailable)i(in)f
2352     Fo(iosockstream)p Fn(.)62 2545 y Fo(iosockstream)f Fn(rede\014nes)j
2353     Fo(rdbuf\(\))d Fn(de\014ned)j(in)g(its)f(virtual)g(base)g(class)g
2354     Fo(ios)p Fn(.)23 b(Since,)c Fo(ios::rdbuf\(\))14 b Fn(is)0
2355     2608 y(not)h(virtual,)h(care)g(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)h(tak)o(en)g(to)f(call)h(the)g
2356     (correct)g Fo(rdbuf\(\))e Fn(through)i(a)f(reference)h(or)f(a)h(p)q(oin)o
2357     (ter)g(to)f(an)0 2670 y(ob)s(ject)g(of)f(class)i Fo(iosockstream)p
2358     Fn(.)p eop
2359     %%Page: 28 30
2360     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(8:)k(so)q(c)o(kstream)c(Classes)1296
2361     b(28)62 183 y(In)16 b(what)f(follo)o(ws,)25 321 y Fl(\000)30
2362     b Fo(sb)15 b Fn(is)h(a)e Fo(sockbuf)h Fn(ob)s(ject)25 397 y
2363     Fl(\000)30 b Fo(sbp)15 b Fn(is)g(a)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(to)f(a)f
2364     Fo(sockbuf)h Fn(ob)s(ject)0 535 y Fo(iosockstream)f(io\(sb\))240
2365     611 y Fn(Constructs)g(an)i Fo(iosockstream)d Fn(ob)s(ject)i
2366     Fo(io)g Fn(with)g Fo(sb)g Fn(as)g(its)g Fo(sockbuf)p Fn(.)0
2367     687 y Fo(iosockstream)f(io\(sbp\))240 763 y Fn(Constructs)g(an)i
2368     Fo(iosockstream)d Fn(ob)s(ject)i Fo(io)g Fn(with)g Fo(*sbp)g
2369     Fn(as)g(its)g Fo(sockbuf)p Fn(.)0 838 y Fo(sbp)g(=)g(io.rdbuf\(\))240
2370     914 y Fn(returns)g(a)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(to)e(the)h Fo(sockbuf)g
2371     Fn(of)f(the)i Fo(iosockstream)d Fn(ob)s(ject)i Fo(io)p Fn(.)0
2372     990 y Fo(iosockstream::operator)d(->)j(\(\))240 1066 y Fn(returns)10
2373     b(a)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(to)g(the)g Fo(iosockstream)p Fn('s)e
2374     Fo(sockbuf)h Fn(so)h(that)g(the)g(user)g(can)g(use)h Fo(iosockstream)240
2375     1128 y Fn(ob)s(ject)k(as)f(a)h Fo(sockbuf)g Fn(ob)s(ject.)455
2376     1204 y Fo(io->connect)23 b(\(sa\);)g(//)h(same)f(as)g(io.rdbuf\(\)->connect)f
2377     (\(sa\);)0 1438 y Fm(8.2)33 b(ioso)r(c)n(kinet)15 b(Stream)h(Classes)62
2378     1576 y Fn(W)l(e)g(discus)g(only)g Fo(isockinet)e Fn(class)i(here.)21
2379     b Fo(osockinet)14 b Fn(and)i Fo(iosockinet)e Fn(are)h(similar)h(and)g(are)f
2380     (left)h(out.)0 1638 y(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)e(they)h(are)g(co)o(v)o(ered)g(in)h
2381     (the)f(examples)h(that)f(follo)o(w.)0 1855 y Fg(8.2.1)30 b(iso)r(c)n(kinet)62
2382     1993 y Fo(isockinet)19 b Fn(is)h(used)g(to)f(handle)i(in)o(terpro)q(cess)g
2383     (comm)o(unication)f(in)h Fi(inet)g Fn(domain.)34 b(It)20 b(is)g(deriv)o(ed)h
2384     (from)0 2055 y Fo(isockstream)f Fn(class)j(and)f(it)g(uses)g(a)g
2385     Fo(sockinetbuf)e Fn(as)h(its)h(stream)g(bu\013er.)39 b(See)23
2386     b(Section)g(8.1.3)d([ioso)q(c)o(k-)0 2118 y(stream],)13 b(page)g(27,)h(for)f
2387     (more)h(details)h(on)f Fo(isockstream)p Fn(.)j(See)e(Chapter)f(4)f([so)q(c)o
2388     (kinetbuf)i(Class],)e(page)h(14,)g(for)0 2180 y(information)h(on)g
2389     Fo(sockinetbuf)p Fn(.)62 2318 y(In)h(what)f(follo)o(ws,)25
2390     2456 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(ty)17 b Fn(is)g(a)g Fo(sockbuf::type)e
2391     Fn(and)j(m)o(ust)e(b)q(e)i(one)f(of)g Fo(sockbuf::sock_stream)p
2392     Fn(,)d Fo(sockbuf::sock_dgram)p Fn(,)90 2518 y Fo(sockbuf::sock_raw)p
2393     Fn(,)e Fo(sockbuf::sock_rdm)p Fn(,)h(and)i Fo(sockbuf::sock_seqpacket)25
2394     2594 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(proto)14 b Fn(denotes)i(the)f(proto)q(col)g(n)o(um)o
2395     (b)q(er)h(and)f(is)h(of)f(t)o(yp)q(e)g(in)o(t)25 2670 y Fl(\000)30
2396     b Fo(sb)15 b Fn(is)h(a)e Fo(sockbuf)h Fn(ob)s(ject)f(and)i(m)o(ust)e(b)q(e)i
2397     (in)g Fi(inet)h Fn(domain)p eop
2398     %%Page: 29 31
2399     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(8:)k(so)q(c)o(kstream)c(Classes)1296
2400     b(29)25 183 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(sinp)15 b Fn(is)g(a)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(to)e(an)i
2401     (ob)s(ject)e(of)h Fo(sockinetbuf)0 323 y(isockinet)f(is)h(\(ty,)f(proto\))240
2402     401 y Fn(constructs)k(an)g Fo(isockinet)g Fn(ob)s(ject)g Fo(is)g
2403     Fn(whose)g Fo(sockinetbuf)f Fn(bu\013er)h(is)h(of)g(the)f(t)o(yp)q(e)h
2404     Fo(ty)f Fn(and)240 463 y(has)d(the)g(proto)q(col)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f
2405     Fo(proto)p Fn(.)k(The)d(default)f(proto)q(col)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(is)h(0.)0
2406     540 y Fo(isockinet)e(is)h(\(sb\))240 618 y Fn(constructs)c(a)f
2407     Fo(isockinet)g Fn(ob)s(ject)h Fo(is)f Fn(whose)h Fo(sockinetbuf)f
2408     Fn(is)h Fo(sb)p Fn(.)18 b Fo(sb)11 b Fn(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)g(in)h
2409     Fi(inet)h Fn(domain.)0 696 y Fo(isockinet)h(is)h(\(sinp\))240
2410     773 y Fn(constructs)g(a)g Fo(isockinet)f Fn(ob)s(ject)g Fo(is)h
2411     Fn(whose)g Fo(sockinetbuf)f Fn(is)i Fo(sinp)p Fn(.)0 851 y
2412     Fo(sinp)f(=)g(is.rdbuf)f(\(\))240 928 y Fn(returns)h(a)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(to)e
2413     (the)h Fo(sockinetbuf)f Fn(of)h Fo(isockinet)f Fn(ob)s(ject)g
2414     Fo(is)p Fn(.)0 1006 y Fo(isockinet::operator)f(->)240 1083
2415     y Fn(returns)h Fo(sockinetbuf)e Fn(of)i Fo(sockinet)e Fn(so)i(that)f(the)h
2416     Fo(sockinet)f Fn(ob)s(ject)g(acts)h(as)f(a)h(smart)e(p)q(oin)o(ter)240
2417     1146 y(to)j Fo(sockinetbuf)p Fn(.)551 1223 y Fo(is->localhost)22
2418     b(\(\);)h(//)h(same)f(as)h(is.rdbuf)f(\(\)->localhost)f(\(\);)0
2419     1456 y Fg(8.2.2)30 b(ioso)r(c)n(kinet)15 b(examples)62 1596
2420     y Fn(The)f(\014rst)g(pair)g(of)f(examples)i(demonstrates)e(datagram)f(so)q(c)
2421     o(k)o(et)i(connections)h(in)f(the)g Fi(inet)i Fn(domain.)k(First,)0
2422     1658 y Fo(tdinread)g Fn(prin)o(ts)h(its)g(lo)q(cal)h(host)e(and)h(lo)q(cal)h
2423     (p)q(ort)f(on)g(stdout)f(and)h(w)o(aits)f(for)h(input)h(in)f(the)g
2424     (connection.)0 1721 y Fo(tdinwrite)c Fn(is)h(started)f(with)i(the)f(lo)q(cal)
2425     h(host)e(and)h(lo)q(cal)i(p)q(ort)d(of)h Fo(tdinread)f Fn(as)g(argumen)o(ts.)
2426     27 b(It)18 b(sends)h(the)0 1783 y(string)c Fo(")p Fn(Ho)o(w)g(do)g(y)o(e)g
2427     (do!)p Fo(")f Fn(to)h Fo(tdinread)f Fn(whic)o(h)i(in)g(turn)f(reads)g(the)h
2428     (string)f(and)g(prin)o(ts)h(on)f(its)g(stdout.)120 1923 y Fo(//)24
2429     b(tdinread.cc)120 1973 y(#include)f(<sockinet.h>)120 2072 y(int)g(main)h
2430     (\(\))120 2122 y({)215 2172 y(char)g(buf[256];)215 2222 y(isockinet)f(is)h
2431     (\(sockbuf::sock_dgram\);)215 2271 y(is->bind)f(\(\);)215 2371
2432     y(cout)h(<<)f(is->localhost\(\))f(<<)i(')f(')h(<<)g(is->localport\(\))e(<<)h
2433     (endl;)215 2471 y(is.getline)g(\(buf\);)215 2521 y(cout)h(<<)f(buf)h(<<)f
2434     (endl;)215 2620 y(return)g(0;)120 2670 y(})p eop
2435     %%Page: 30 32
2436     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(8:)k(so)q(c)o(kstream)c(Classes)1296
2437     b(30)120 183 y Fo(//)24 b(tdinwrite.cc--tdinwrite)c(hostname)j(portno)120
2438     233 y(#include)g(<sockinet.h>)120 283 y(#include)g(<stdlib.h>)120
2439     382 y(int)g(main)h(\(int)f(ac,)h(char**)f(av\))120 432 y({)215
2440     482 y(osockinet)g(os)h(\(sockbuf::sock_dgram\);)215 532 y(os->connect)f
2441     (\(av[1],)g(atoi\(av[2]\)\);)215 582 y(os)h(<<)g("How)f(do)h(ye)f(do!")g(<<)h
2442     (endl;)215 632 y(return)f(0;)120 681 y(})62 933 y Fn(The)15
2443     b(next)f(example)h(comm)o(unicates)g(with)g(an)f(nn)o(tp)g(serv)o(er)g
2444     (through)g(a)g Fo(sockbuf::sock_stream)e Fn(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)0
2445     995 y(connection)k(in)h Fi(inet)g Fn(domain.)k(After)15 b(establishing)i(a)e
2446     (connection)i(to)d(the)i(nn)o(tp)f(serv)o(er,)g(it)h(sends)g(a)f
2447     Fo(")p Fn(HELP)p Fo(")0 1057 y Fn(command)g(and)g(gets)g(bac)o(k)g(the)g
2448     (HELP)h(message)f(b)q(efore)g(sending)i(the)e Fo(")p Fn(QUIT)p
2449     Fo(")g Fn(command.)120 1214 y Fo(//)24 b(tnntp.cc)120 1264
2450     y(#include)f(<sockinet.h>)120 1363 y(int)g(main)h(\(\))120
2451     1413 y({)215 1463 y(char)48 b(buf[1024];)215 1513 y(iosockinet)23
2452     b(io)h(\(sockbuf::sock_stream\);)215 1563 y(io->connect)f
2453     (\("murdoch.acc.virginia.ed)o(u",)e("nntp",)i("tcp"\);)215
2454     1613 y(io.getline)g(\(buf,)g(1024\);)g(cout)g(<<)h(buf)g(<<)f(endl;)215
2455     1662 y(io)h(<<)g("HELP\\r\\n")e(<<)i(flush;)215 1712 y(io.getline)f(\(buf,)g
2456     (1024\);)g(cout)g(<<)h(buf)g(<<)f(endl;)215 1762 y(while)h(\(io.getline)e
2457     (\(buf,)h(1024\)\))311 1812 y(if)g(\(buf[0])g(==)h('.')f(&&)h(buf[1])f(==)h
2458     ('\\r'\))f(break;)311 1862 y(else)g(if)h(\(buf[0])f(==)g('.')h(&&)f(buf[1])g
2459     (==)h('.'\))f(cout)h(<<)f(buf+1)g(<<)h(endl;)311 1911 y(else)f(cout)h(<<)f
2460     (buf)h(<<)f(endl;)215 1961 y(io)h(<<)g("QUIT\\r\\n")e(<<)i(flush;)215
2461     2011 y(io.getline)f(\(buf,)g(1024\);)g(cout)g(<<)h(buf)g(<<)f(endl;)215
2462     2061 y(return)g(0;)120 2111 y(})0 2513 y Fm(8.3)33 b(ioso)r(c)n(kunix)16
2463     b(Classes)62 2670 y Fn(W)l(e)g(discuss)g(only)g Fo(isockunix)d
2464     Fn(here.)21 b Fo(osockunix)14 b Fn(and)h Fo(iosockunix)f Fn(are)h(similar.)p
2465     eop
2466     %%Page: 31 33
2467     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(8:)k(so)q(c)o(kstream)c(Classes)1296
2468     b(31)0 183 y Fg(8.3.1)30 b(iso)r(c)n(kunix)16 b(class)62 323
2469     y Fo(isockunix)i Fn(is)h(used)h(to)e(handle)i(in)o(terpro)q(cess)f(comm)o
2470     (unication)h(in)f Fi(unix)k Fn(domain.)32 b(It)19 b(is)g(deriv)o(ed)h(from)0
2471     385 y Fo(isockstream)11 b Fn(class)i(and)f(it)h(uses)g(a)f
2472     Fo(sockunixbuf)e Fn(as)j(its)f(stream)g(bu\013er.)19 b(See)13
2473     b(Section)g(8.1.3)e([ioso)q(c)o(kstream],)0 447 y(page)16 b(27,)g(for)g(more)
2474     g(details)i(on)e Fo(isockstream)p Fn(.)23 b(See)17 b(Chapter)f(6)h([so)q(c)o
2475     (kunixbuf)g(Class],)f(page)h(21,)f(for)g(infor-)0 509 y(mation)f(on)g
2476     Fo(sockunixbuf)p Fn(.)62 649 y(In)h(what)f(follo)o(ws,)25 788
2477     y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(ty)17 b Fn(is)g(a)g Fo(sockbuf::type)e Fn(and)j(m)o(ust)e
2478     (b)q(e)i(one)f(of)g Fo(sockbuf::sock_stream)p Fn(,)d Fo(sockbuf::sock_dgram)p
2479     Fn(,)90 850 y Fo(sockbuf::sock_raw)p Fn(,)e Fo(sockbuf::sock_rdm)p
2480     Fn(,)h(and)i Fo(sockbuf::sock_seqpacket)25 927 y Fl(\000)30
2481     b Fo(proto)14 b Fn(denotes)i(the)f(proto)q(col)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(and)f(is)h
2482     (of)f(t)o(yp)q(e)g(in)o(t)25 1004 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(sb)15 b
2483     Fn(is)h(a)e Fo(sockbuf)h Fn(ob)s(ject)f(and)i(m)o(ust)e(b)q(e)i(in)g
2484     Fi(unix)k Fn(domain)25 1081 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(sinp)15 b Fn(is)g(a)g(p)q(oin)o
2485     (ter)h(to)e(an)i(ob)s(ject)e(of)h Fo(sockunixbuf)0 1221 y(isockunix)f(is)h
2486     (\(ty,)f(proto\))240 1298 y Fn(constructs)k(an)g Fo(isockunix)g
2487     Fn(ob)s(ject)g Fo(is)g Fn(whose)g Fo(sockunixbuf)f Fn(bu\013er)h(is)h(of)g
2488     (the)f(t)o(yp)q(e)h Fo(ty)f Fn(and)240 1360 y(has)d(the)g(proto)q(col)h(n)o
2489     (um)o(b)q(er)f Fo(proto)p Fn(.)k(The)d(default)f(proto)q(col)h(n)o(um)o(b)q
2490     (er)f(is)h(0.)0 1437 y Fo(isockunix)e(is)h(\(sb\))240 1514
2491     y Fn(constructs)22 b(a)g Fo(isockunix)f Fn(ob)s(ject)h Fo(is)g
2492     Fn(whose)h Fo(sockunixbuf)d Fn(is)j Fo(sb)p Fn(.)42 b Fo(sb)22
2493     b Fn(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)h(in)g Fi(unix)240 1576 y Fn(domain.)0
2494     1653 y Fo(isockunix)14 b(is)h(\(sinp\))240 1730 y Fn(constructs)g(a)g
2495     Fo(isockunix)f Fn(ob)s(ject)g Fo(is)h Fn(whose)g Fo(sockunixbuf)f
2496     Fn(is)i Fo(sinp)p Fn(.)0 1807 y Fo(sinp)f(=)g(is.rdbuf)f(\(\))240
2497     1884 y Fn(returns)h(a)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(to)e(the)h Fo(sockunixbuf)f
2498     Fn(of)h Fo(isockunix)f Fn(ob)s(ject)g Fo(is)p Fn(.)0 1961 y
2499     Fo(isockunix::operator)f(->)240 2038 y Fn(returns)h Fo(sockunixbuf)e
2500     Fn(of)i Fo(sockunix)e Fn(so)i(that)f(the)h Fo(sockunix)f Fn(ob)s(ject)g(acts)
2501     h(as)f(a)h(smart)e(p)q(oin)o(ter)240 2101 y(to)j Fo(sockunixbuf)p
2502     Fn(.)551 2178 y Fo(is->localhost)22 b(\(\);)h(//)h(same)f(as)h(is.rdbuf)f
2503     (\(\)->localhost)f(\(\);)0 2406 y Fg(8.3.2)30 b(ioso)r(c)n(kunix)16
2504     b(examples)62 2545 y Fo(tsunread)h Fn(listens)j(for)d(connections.)30
2505     b(When)18 b Fo(tsunwrite)f Fn(requests)h(connection,)h Fo(tsunread)e
2506     Fn(accepts)i(it)0 2608 y(and)14 b(w)o(aits)e(for)h(input.)20
2507     b Fo(tsunwrite)12 b Fn(sends)i(the)g(string)f Fo(")p Fn(Hello!!!)p
2508     Fo(")g Fn(to)g Fo(tsunread)p Fn(.)18 b Fo(tsunread)12 b Fn(reads)i(the)f
2509     (string)0 2670 y(sen)o(t)i(b)o(y)g Fo(tsunwrite)f Fn(and)h(prin)o(ts)h(on)f
2510     (its)g(stdout.)p eop
2511     %%Page: 32 34
2512     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(8:)k(so)q(c)o(kstream)c(Classes)1296
2513     b(32)120 183 y Fo(//)24 b(tsunread.cc)120 233 y(#include)f(<sockunix.h>)120
2514     283 y(#include)g(<unistd.h>)120 382 y(int)g(main)h(\(\))120
2515     432 y({)215 482 y(sockunixbuf)f(sunb)g(\(sockbuf::sock_stream\);)215
2516     532 y(sunb.bind)g(\("/tmp/socket+-"\);)215 582 y(sunb.listen)g(\(2\);)215
2517     632 y(isockunix)g(is)h(=)f(sunb.accept)g(\(\);)215 681 y(char)h(buf[32];)215
2518     731 y(is)g(>>)g(buf;)f(cout)g(<<)h(buf)f(<<)h(endl;)215 781
2519     y(unlink)f(\("/tmp/socket+-"\);)215 831 y(return)g(0;)120 881
2520     y(})120 1018 y(//)h(tsunwrite.cc)120 1067 y(#include)f(<sockunix.h>)120
2521     1117 y(int)g(main)h(\(\))120 1167 y({)215 1217 y(osockunix)f(os)h
2522     (\(sockbuf::sock_stream\);)215 1267 y(os->connect)f(\("/tmp/socket++"\);)215
2523     1316 y(os)h(<<)g("Hello!!!\\n")e(<<)h(flush;)215 1366 y(return)g(0;)120
2524     1416 y(})p eop
2525     %%Page: 33 35
2526     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(9:)k(pip)q(estream)d(Classes)1297
2527     b(33)0 183 y Fk(9)41 b(pip)r(estream)14 b(Classes)62 370 y
2528     Fo(pipestream)e Fn(stream)h(classes)h(pro)o(vide)f(the)h(services)g(of)f(the)
2529     g Fi(UNIX)19 b Fn(system)13 b(calls)h Fo(pipe)f Fn(and)g Fo(socketpair)0
2530     432 y Fn(and)g(the)g(C)g(library)h(function)g Fo(popen)p Fn(.)k
2531     Fo(ipipestream)p Fn(,)12 b Fo(opipestream)p Fn(,)f(and)i Fo(iopipestream)f
2532     Fn(are)g(obtained)i(b)o(y)0 495 y(simply)k(deriving)h(from)d
2533     Fo(isockstream)p Fn(,)f Fo(osockstream)h Fn(and)h Fo(iosockstream)e
2534     Fn(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)l(.)27 b(See)18 b(Chapter)e(8)0 557 y([so)q(c)o
2535     (kstream)e(Classes],)g(page)h(26)g(for)g(details.)62 694 y(In)h(what)f(follo)
2536     o(ws,)25 831 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(ip)15 b Fn(is)h(an)f Fo(ipipestream)e
2537     Fn(ob)s(ject)25 905 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(op)15 b Fn(is)h(an)f
2538     Fo(opipestream)e Fn(ob)s(ject)25 980 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(iop)15
2539     b Fn(is)g(an)h Fo(iopipestream)d Fn(ob)s(ject)25 1055 y Fl(\000)30
2540     b Fo(cmd)15 b Fn(is)g(a)g(c)o(har*)g(denoting)h(an)f(executable)h(lik)o(e)h
2541     Fo(")p Fn(w)o(c)p Fo(")25 1130 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(ty)15 b Fn(is)h(of)e(t)o(yp)
2542     q(e)i Fo(sockbuf::type)d Fn(indicating)k(the)e(t)o(yp)q(e)h(of)e(the)i
2543     (connection)25 1204 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(proto)14 b Fn(is)i(an)f
2544     Fo(int)g Fn(denoting)h(a)f(proto)q(col)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)0
2545     1341 y Fo(ipipestream)f(ip\(cmd\))240 1416 y Fn(construct)22
2546     b(an)f Fo(ipipestream)g Fn(ob)s(ject)g Fo(ip)g Fn(suc)o(h)h(that)g(the)f
2547     (output)h(of)f(the)h(command)g Fo(cmd)f Fn(is)240 1478 y(a)o(v)m(ailable)c
2548     (as)e(input)h(through)f Fo(ip)p Fn(.)0 1553 y Fo(opipestream)f(op\(cmd\))240
2549     1628 y Fn(construct)h(an)g Fo(opipestream)e Fn(ob)s(ject)h
2550     Fo(op)h Fn(suc)o(h)g(that)f(the)i(input)f(for)g(the)g(command)g
2551     Fo(cmd)f Fn(can)h(b)q(e)240 1690 y(send)h(through)f Fo(op)p
2552     Fn(.)0 1765 y Fo(iopipestream)f(iop\(cmd\))240 1839 y Fn(construct)22
2553     b(an)f Fo(iopipestream)f Fn(ob)s(ject)i Fo(iop)f Fn(suc)o(h)h(that)f(the)h
2554     (input)h(and)f(the)g(output)g(to)f(the)240 1902 y(command)15
2555     b Fo(cmd)g Fn(can)g(b)q(e)h(sen)o(t)f(and)g(receiv)o(ed)i(through)e
2556     Fo(iop)p Fn(.)0 1976 y Fo(iopipestream)f(iop\(ty,)g(proto\))240
2557     2051 y Fn(construct)20 b(a)h Fo(iopipestream)e Fn(ob)s(ject)h
2558     Fo(iop)g Fn(whose)h(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)f(is)h(a)g(so)q(c)o(k)o(etpair)f(of)g(t)o
2559     (yp)q(e)h Fo(ty)g Fn(with)240 2113 y(proto)q(col)15 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g
2560     Fo(proto)p Fn(.)k Fo(ty)c Fn(defaults)h(to)e Fo(sockbuf::sock_stream)e
2561     Fn(and)k Fo(proto)e Fn(defaults)i(to)240 2176 y(0.)k(Ob)s(ject)15
2562     b Fo(iop)g Fn(can)g(b)q(e)h(used)g(either)f(as)g(a)g Fo(pipe)g
2563     Fn(or)f(as)h(a)g Fo(socketpair)p Fn(.)0 2250 y Fo(iop.pid)f(\(\))240
2564     2325 y Fn(return)g(the)g(pro)q(cess)g(id)h(of)f(the)g(c)o(hild)h(if)g(the)f
2565     (curren)o(t)g(pro)q(cess)g(is)g(the)g(paren)o(t)g(or)g(return)f(0.)20
2566     b(If)14 b(the)240 2387 y(pro)q(cess)h(has)h(not)e(fork)o(ed)h(y)o(et,)f
2567     (return)i(-1.)0 2462 y Fo(iopipestream::fork)d(\(\))240 2537
2568     y(fork\(\))k Fn(is)i(a)e(static)h(function)h(of)e(class)i Fo(iopipestream)p
2569     Fn(.)26 b Fo(fork\(\))17 b Fn(forks)h(the)g(curren)o(t)g(pro)q(cess)240
2570     2599 y(and)13 b(appropriately)h(sets)e(the)h Fo(cpid)f Fn(\014eld)i(of)f(the)
2571     g Fo(iopipestream)e Fn(ob)s(jects)h(that)g(ha)o(v)o(e)h(not)f(fork)o(ed)240
2572     2661 y(y)o(et.)p eop
2573     %%Page: 34 36
2574     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(9:)k(pip)q(estream)d(Classes)1297
2575     b(34)0 183 y Fm(9.1)33 b(pip)r(estream)15 b(as)g(pip)r(e)62
2576     321 y Fo(pipe)g Fn(is)h(used)f(to)g(comm)o(unicate)g(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h
2577     (paren)o(t)f(and)g(c)o(hild)i(pro)q(cesses)f(in)g(the)f Fi(unix)k
2578     Fn(domain.)62 458 y(The)d(follo)o(wing)h(example)g(illustrates)g(ho)o(w)e(to)
2579     h(use)g Fo(iopipestream)e Fn(class)j(as)e(a)h Fo(pipe)p Fn(.)22
2580     b(The)16 b(paren)o(t)f(sends)0 521 y(the)g(string)h Fo(")p
2581     Fn(I)f(am)g(the)h(paren)o(t)p Fo(")f Fn(to)f(the)i(c)o(hild)h(and)e(receiv)o
2582     (es)h(the)g(string)f Fo(")p Fn(I)h(am)f(the)g(c)o(hild)p Fo(")i
2583     Fn(from)e(c)o(hild.)22 b(The)0 583 y(c)o(hild,)e(in)e(turn,)g(receiv)o(es)h
2584     (the)f(string)g Fo(")p Fn(I)g(am)f(the)h(paren)o(t)p Fo(")f
2585     Fn(from)g(paren)o(t)h(and)g(sends)g(the)g(string)f Fo(")p Fn(I)i(am)e(the)0
2586     645 y(c)o(hild)p Fo(")j Fn(to)e(the)h(paren)o(t.)30 b(Note)18
2587     b(the)h(same)g Fo(iopipestream)e Fn(ob)s(ject)h(is)h(used)g(for)f(input)i
2588     (and)f(output)f(in)i(eac)o(h)0 708 y(pro)q(cess.)120 845 y
2589     Fo(#include)j(<pipestream.h>)120 945 y(int)g(main\(\))120 995
2590     y({)311 1044 y(iopipestream)f(p;)311 1094 y(if)h(\()h(p.fork\(\))f(\))h({)502
2591     1144 y(char)f(buf[128];)502 1194 y(p)h(<<)f("I)h(am)f(the)h(parent\\n")e(<<)i
2592     (flush;)502 1244 y(cout)f(<<)h("parent:)e(";)502 1293 y(while\(p)h(>>)g
2593     (buf\))693 1343 y(cout)g(<<)h(buf)f(<<)h(')f(';)502 1393 y(cout)g(<<)h(endl;)
2594     311 1443 y(}else)f({)502 1493 y(char)g(buf[128];)502 1542 y(p.getline\(buf,)f
2595     (127\);)502 1592 y(cout)h(<<)h("child:)f(")g(<<)h(buf)f(<<)h(endl;)502
2596     1642 y(p)g(<<)f("I)h(am)f(the)h(child\\n")f(<<)g(flush;)311
2597     1692 y(})311 1742 y(return)g(0;)120 1792 y(})0 2021 y Fm(9.2)33
2598     b(pip)r(estream)15 b(as)g(so)r(c)n(k)n(etpair)62 2159 y Fn(Lik)o(e)23
2599     b(pip)q(es,)j(so)q(c)o(k)o(etpairs)c(also)g(allo)o(w)g(comm)o(unication)h(b)q
2600     (et)o(w)o(een)g(paren)o(t)f(and)g(c)o(hild)i(pro)q(cesses.)42
2601     b(But)0 2221 y(so)q(c)o(k)o(etpairs)15 b(are)f(more)h(\015exible)i(than)e
2602     (pip)q(es)h(in)g(the)f(sense)g(that)f(they)h(let)h(the)f(users)g(c)o(ho)q
2603     (ose)g(the)g(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)f(t)o(yp)q(e)0 2283 y(and)h(proto)q(col.)62
2604     2421 y(The)f(follo)o(wing)h(example)g(illustrates)g(the)f(use)g(of)g
2605     Fo(iopipestream)e Fn(class)j(as)e(a)h Fo(socketpair)e Fn(whose)i(t)o(yp)q(e)g
2606     (is)0 2483 y Fo(sockbuf::sock_dgram)p Fn(.)i(The)d(paren)o(t)f(sends)h(the)f
2607     (string)h Fo(")p Fn(I)f(am)g(the)h(paren)o(t)p Fo(")f Fn(to)f(the)i(c)o(hild)
2608     h(and)f(receiv)o(es)g(the)0 2545 y(string)h Fo(")p Fn(I)h(am)f(the)g(c)o
2609     (hild)p Fo(")i Fn(from)e(the)g(c)o(hild.)21 b(The)15 b(c)o(hild,)h(in)f
2610     (turn,)f(receiv)o(es)h(and)g(sends)g(the)f(strings)g Fo(")p
2611     Fn(I)h(am)f(the)0 2608 y(paren)o(t)p Fo(")i Fn(and)g Fo(")p
2612     Fn(I)g(am)g(the)g(c)o(hild)p Fo(")i Fn(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)g(from)d(and)i(to)e
2613     (the)i(paren)o(t.)22 b(Note)16 b(in)h(the)f(follo)o(wing)h(example)0
2614     2670 y(that)d(the)i(same)f Fo(iopipestream)e Fn(ob)s(ject)i(is)h(used)f(for)g
2615     (b)q(oth)g(the)g(input)i(and)e(the)g(output)g(in)h(eac)o(h)g(pro)q(cess.)p
2616     eop
2617     %%Page: 35 37
2618     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(9:)k(pip)q(estream)d(Classes)1297
2619     b(35)120 183 y Fo(#include)23 b(<pipestream.h>)120 283 y(int)g(main\(\))120
2620     333 y({)311 382 y(iopipestream)f(p\(sockbuf::sock_dgram\);)311
2621     432 y(if)h(\()h(iopipestream::fork\(\))d(\))j({)502 482 y(char)f(buf[128];)
2622     502 532 y(p)h(<<)f("I)h(am)f(the)h(parent\\n")e(<<)i(flush;)502
2623     582 y(p.getline\(buf,)e(127\);)502 632 y(cout)h(<<)h("parent:)e(")i(<<)g(buf)
2624     f(<<)h(endl;)311 681 y(}else)f({)502 731 y(char)g(buf[128];)502
2625     781 y(p.getline\(buf,)f(127\);)502 831 y(cout)h(<<)h("child:)f(")g(<<)h(buf)f
2626     (<<)h(endl;)502 881 y(p)g(<<)f("I)h(am)f(the)h(child\\n")f(<<)g(flush;)311
2627     930 y(})311 980 y(return)g(0;)120 1030 y(})0 1276 y Fm(9.3)33
2628     b(pip)r(estream)15 b(as)g(p)r(op)r(en)62 1415 y Fo(popen)c
2629     Fn(is)h(used)f(to)g(call)h(an)g(executable)g(and)f(send)h(inputs)h(and)e
2630     (outputs)g(to)g(that)f(executable.)20 b(F)l(or)10 b(example,)0
2631     1477 y(the)15 b(follo)o(wing)h(example)g(executes)g Fo(")p
2632     Fn(/bin/date)p Fo(")p Fn(,)f(gets)g(its)g(output,)g(and)g(prin)o(ts)g(it)h
2633     (to)f(stdout.)120 1617 y Fo(#include)23 b(<pipestream.h>)120
2634     1716 y(int)g(main)h(\(\))120 1766 y({)215 1816 y(char)g(buf[128];)215
2635     1866 y(ipipestream)f(p\("/bin/date"\);)215 1965 y(p.getline)g(\(buf,)g
2636     (127\);)215 2015 y(cout)h(<<)f(buf)h(<<)f(endl;)215 2065 y(return)g(0;)120
2637     2115 y(})62 2331 y Fn(Here)16 b(is)f(an)h(example)g(that)e(prin)o(ts)h
2638     Fo(")p Fn(Hello)i(W)l(orld!!)p Fo(")d Fn(on)i(stdout.)j(It)c(uses)h
2639     Fo(opipestream)d Fn(ob)s(ject.)120 2471 y Fo(#include)23 b(<pipestream.h>)120
2640     2570 y(int)g(main)h(\(\))120 2620 y({)215 2670 y(opipestream)f
2641     (p\("/bin/cat"\);)p eop
2642     %%Page: 36 38
2643     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(9:)k(pip)q(estream)d(Classes)1297
2644     b(36)215 183 y Fo(p)24 b(<<)g("Hello)f(World!!\\n")f(<<)i(endl;)215
2645     233 y(return)f(0;)120 283 y(})62 495 y Fn(The)16 b(follo)o(wing)g(example)g
2646     (illustrates)g(the)f(use)h(of)e Fo(iopipestream)g Fn(for)h(b)q(oth)g(input)h
2647     (and)f(output.)120 632 y Fo(#include)23 b(<pipestream.h>)120
2648     731 y(int)g(main\(\))120 781 y({)311 831 y(char)g(buf[128];)311
2649     881 y(iopipestream)f(p\("lpc"\);)311 930 y(p)i(<<)f("help\\nquit\\n")f(<<)i
2650     (flush;)311 980 y(while)f(\()h(p.getline\(buf,)e(127\))h(\))h(cout)f(<<)h
2651     (buf)f(<<)h(endl;)311 1030 y(return)f(0;)120 1080 y(})p eop
2652     %%Page: 37 39
2653     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(10:)k(F)l(ork)c(Class)1440 b(37)0
2654     183 y Fk(10)41 b(F)-7 b(ork)15 b(Class)62 370 y Fn(Y)l(ou)h(can)f(e\013ectiv)
2655     o(ely)i(use)f(the)f Fo(Fork)g Fn(wrapp)q(er)g(class)h(to)f(create)g(c)o(hild)
2656     i(pro)q(cesses.)k(Y)l(ou)16 b(can)f(use)h(the)g Fo(Fork)0 432
2657     y Fn(class,)f(instead)h(of)f(directly)h(using)g(the)g(system)e(call)j(fork)d
2658     (\(\),)g(if)i(y)o(ou)f(desire)h(the)f(follo)o(wing:)37 569
2659     y Fl(\017)30 b Fn(Av)o(oid)16 b(zom)o(bie)f(pro)q(cesses)37
2660     644 y Fl(\017)30 b Fn(Optionally)17 b(kill)g(c)o(hild)g(pro)q(cesses)e(when)h
2661     (the)f(paren)o(t)g(pro)q(cess)h(terminates.)37 719 y Fl(\017)30
2662     b Fn(W)l(an)o(t)14 b(to)h(kno)o(w)g(the)g(reason)g(for)f(abnormal)i
2663     (termination)f(of)g(c)o(hild)i(pro)q(cesses.)62 930 y(In)f(what)f(follo)o
2664     (ws,)25 1067 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(killchild)14 b Fn(is)i(an)f(in)o(teger.)25
2665     1142 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(reason)14 b Fn(is)i(an)f(in)o(teger.)25
2666     1217 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(signo)14 b Fn(is)i(a)f(v)m(alid)i(signal.)25
2667     1291 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(f)15 b Fn(is)h(a)f Fo(Fork)f Fn(ob)s(ject.)0
2668     1428 y Fo(Fork)h(f\(killchild,)e(reason\))240 1503 y Fn(constructs)i(a)g
2669     Fo(Fork)g Fn(ob)s(ject)f Fo(f)p Fn(.)20 b(The)c(constructor)e(creates)h(a)g
2670     (c)o(hild)i(pro)q(cess.)j(When)c(the)f(paren)o(t)240 1565 y(pro)q(cess)h
2671     (terminates,)g(it)h(will)g(kill)h(the)e(c)o(hild)i(pro)q(cess)e(if)h
2672     Fo(killchild)e Fn(is)h(not)g(0.)22 b(Otherwise,)17 b(the)240
2673     1628 y(paren)o(t)c(pro)q(cess)g(will)i(w)o(ait)d(un)o(til)j(all)f(its)f(c)o
2674     (hild)i(pro)q(cesses)e(die.)20 b(If)14 b Fo(reason)e Fn(is)i(not)e(0,)h(then)
2675     g(it)h(giv)o(es)240 1690 y(the)h(reason)g(for)g(a)g(c)o(hild)h(pro)q(cess's)f
2676     (death)h(on)f(the)g(stderr.)0 1765 y Fo(f.is_child)f(\(\))240
2677     1839 y Fn(returns)j(1)f(if)i(the)f(curren)o(t)g(pro)q(cess)g(is)g(the)g(c)o
2678     (hild)i(pro)q(cess)e(follo)o(wing)h(the)f(fork)f(in)i(constructing)240
2679     1902 y(the)d Fo(Fork)g Fn(ob)s(ject)g Fo(f)p Fn(.)k(Otherwise,)d(return)f(0.)
2680     0 1976 y Fo(f.is_parent)f(\(\))240 2051 y Fn(returns)g(1)h(if)g(the)f(curren)
2681     o(t)h(pro)q(cess)g(is)g(the)f(paren)o(t)h(pro)q(cess)f(follo)o(wing)i(the)e
2682     (fork)g(in)i(constructing)240 2113 y(the)f Fo(Fork)g Fn(ob)s(ject)g
2683     Fo(f)p Fn(.)k(Otherwise,)d(return)f(0.)0 2188 y Fo(f.process_id)f(\(\))240
2684     2263 y Fn(returns)h(the)f(pro)q(cess)h(id)h(of)e(the)h(c)o(hild)h(pro)q
2685     (cess,)f(if)g(the)g(curren)o(t)g(pro)q(cess)g(is)g(the)g(paren)o(t)f(pro)q
2686     (cess.)240 2325 y(Returns)i(0,)e(if)i(the)f(curren)o(t)g(pro)q(cess)h(is)f
2687     (the)h(c)o(hild)h(pro)q(cess.)j(Returns)15 b(-1,)g(if)h(fork)e(failed.)0
2688     2400 y Fo(Fork::suicide_signal)e(\(signo\))240 2474 y Fn(is)k(a)f(static)h
2689     (function.)22 b(Up)q(on)16 b(the)f(reciept)i(of)e(the)h(signal)g
2690     Fo(signo)p Fn(,)f(the)h(curren)o(t)f(pro)q(cess)h(will)h(kill)240
2691     2537 y(all)e(its)f(c)o(hild)i(pro)q(cesses)e(created)g(through)g
2692     Fo(Fork::Fork\(int,)f(int\))h Fn(irresp)q(ectiv)o(e)h(of)f(the)g(v)m(alue)240
2693     2599 y(of)h(the)h Fo(killchild)f Fn(\015ag)g(used)h(in)h(the)f(construction)g
2694     (of)f(the)h Fo(Fork)f Fn(ob)s(jects.)21 b Fo(signo)15 b Fn(defaults)i(to)240
2695     2661 y(SIGTERM)e(signal.)p eop
2696     %%Page: 38 40
2697     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(10:)k(F)l(ork)c(Class)1440 b(38)0
2698     183 y Fm(10.1)32 b(F)-6 b(ork)17 b(Example)62 336 y Fn(The)g(follo)o(wing)g
2699     (example)g(illustrates)h(the)e(use)h(of)f(the)h Fo(Fork)e Fn(class)i(to)f
2700     (create)g(c)o(hild)i(pro)q(cesses.)24 b(First,)16 b(w)o(e)0
2701     398 y(set)e(up)i Fi(SIGTERM)j Fn(signal)d(handler)g(to)e(kill)i(all)g(the)f
2702     (c)o(hild)h(pro)q(cesses,)f(b)o(y)g(callling)i Fo(Fork::suicide_signal)0
2703     460 y(\(\))p Fn(.)j(Second,)15 b(w)o(e)g(create)g(sev)o(eral)g(c)o(hild)i
2704     (and)f(grandc)o(hild)g(pro)q(cesses.)62 612 y(Y)l(ou)g(can)f(kill)j(the)d
2705     (top)g(most)g(paren)o(t)g(pro)q(cess)g(and)h(all)g(its)g(c)o(hildren)h(b)o(y)
2706     e(sending)i(a)e Fi(SIGTERM)20 b Fn(signal)d(to)0 675 y(the)e(top)g(most)f
2707     (paren)o(t)h(pro)q(cess.)120 827 y Fo(//)24 b(tfork.C)120 877
2708     y(#include)f(<iostream.h>)120 927 y(#include)g(<Fork.h>)120
2709     1026 y(static)g(void)g(print)h(\(char*)f(name,)g(pid_t)g(child\))120
2710     1076 y({)168 1126 y(if)g(\(child\))215 1176 y(cerr)h(<<)f("Parent)g(")h(<<)g
2711     (getppid)e(\(\))i(<<)g(";)f(")263 1225 y(<<)h(name)f(<<)h(')f(')h(<<)g
2712     (getpid)f(\(\))g(<<)h(";)g(Child)f(")g(<<)h(child)f(<<)h(";\\n";)120
2713     1275 y(})120 1375 y(int)f(main)h(\(int)f(ac,)h(char**)f(av\))120
2714     1425 y({)168 1474 y(Fork::suicide_signal)e(\(SIGTERM\);)168
2715     1574 y(Fork)i(a\(0,)g(1\);)168 1674 y(print)g(\("a",)g(a.process_id)f
2716     (\(\)\);)168 1773 y(if)h(\(a.is_child)g(\(\)\))g({)215 1823
2717     y(sleep)h(\(3000\);)168 1873 y(})f(else)h(if)f(\(a.is_parent)g(\(\)\))g({)215
2718     1923 y(Fork)h(b)f(\(1,)h(1\);)215 1973 y(print)g(\("b",)f(b.process_id)f
2719     (\(\)\);)215 2022 y({)263 2072 y(Fork)h(c)h(\(b.is_parent)e(\(\),)i(1\);)263
2720     2122 y(if)g(\(b.is_child)e(\(\)\))120 2172 y(print)h(\("cchild",)g
2721     (c.process_id)f(\(\)\);)263 2222 y(else)120 2271 y(print)h(\("cparent",)g
2722     (c.process_id)f(\(\)\);)263 2321 y(if)i(\(c.is_child)e(\(\)\))i({)120
2723     2371 y(sleep)f(\(3000\);)120 2421 y(return)g(0;)263 2471 y(})215
2724     2521 y(})215 2570 y(if)h(\(b.is_child)e(\(\)\))i({)263 2620
2725     y(sleep)f(\(120\);)263 2670 y(return)g(0x8;)p eop
2726     %%Page: 39 41
2727     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(10:)k(F)l(ork)c(Class)1440 b(39)215
2728     183 y Fo(})168 233 y(})168 333 y(return)23 b(0;)120 382 y(})p
2729     eop
2730     %%Page: 40 42
2731     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(11:)k(Class)c(proto)q(col)1368
2732     b(40)0 183 y Fk(11)41 b(Class)15 b(proto)r(col)62 382 y Fo(protocol)i
2733     Fn(class)h(is)h(the)f(base)g(class)g(for)f(all)i(the)f(other)f(application)j
2734     (proto)q(col)e(classes)g(lik)o(e)h Fo(echo)p Fn(,)f Fo(smtp)p
2735     Fn(,)0 444 y(etc.)h Fo(protocol)13 b Fn(is)i(deriv)o(ed)f(publicly)j(from)c
2736     Fo(iosockstream)p Fn(.)18 b(It)c(uses)g Fo(protocolbuf)e Fn(class,)i(a)g
2737     (nested)g(class)g(of)0 506 y Fo(protocol)p Fn(,)g(as)g(its)i(stream)e
2738     (bu\013er.)62 646 y(The)g Fo(protocol)e Fn(class)h(is)h(an)f(abstract)g
2739     (class)g(and)h(th)o(us,)f(y)o(ou)g(cannot)g(instan)o(tiate)g(an)g(ob)s(ject)g
2740     (of)f Fo(protocol)p Fn(.)0 891 y Fm(11.1)32 b(Class)14 b(proto)r(col::proto)r
2741     (colbuf)62 1030 y Fo(protocol::protocolbuf)i Fn(class)k(is)f(publicly)j
2742     (deriv)o(ed)e(from)e Fo(sockinetbuf)g Fn(and)h(th)o(us,)g(it)h(inherits)g
2743     (all)0 1093 y(the)c(latter's)f(public)j(mem)o(b)q(er)e(functions.)23
2744     b(In)16 b(addition,)h(the)f Fo(protocolbuf)e Fn(de\014nes)j(the)f(follo)o
2745     (wing)h(mem)o(b)q(er)0 1155 y(functions.)62 1294 y(In)f(what)f(follo)o(ws,)25
2746     1434 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(p)15 b Fn(is)h(an)f(ob)s(ject)f(of)h(a)g(non-abstract)
2747     g(class)g(deriv)o(ed)h(from)f Fo(protocolbuf)p Fn(.)25 1511
2748     y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(pname)14 b Fn(is)i(the)f(transp)q(ort)g(proto)q(col)g(name)
2749     g(whic)o(h)h(is)g(either)g Fo(protocol::tcp)d Fn(or)i Fo(protocol::udp)p
2750     Fn(.)25 1588 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(addr)15 b Fn(is)g(an)g(unsigned)i(long)f
2751     (denoting)f(the)h(v)m(alid)h(address)e(of)g(a)f(mac)o(hine)j(in)f(host)e(b)o
2752     (yte)h(order.)25 1665 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(host)15 b Fn(is)g(a)g(c)o(har)g
2753     (string)g(denoting)h(the)f(name)h(of)e(a)h(mac)o(hine)h(lik)o(e)h
2754     Fo(")p Fn(k)o(elvin.seas.virginia.edu)p Fo(")p Fn(.)25 1742
2755     y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(portno)14 b Fn(is)i(an)f(in)o(t)h(and)f(denotes)g(the)h(p)q
2756     (ort)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(in)h(host)f(b)o(yte)g(order.)0 1881
2757     y Fo(protocol::protocolbuf::pro)o(tocolbu)o(f)e(\(pname\))240
2758     1958 y Fn(constructs)i Fo(protocolbuf)e Fn(ob)s(ject)i(with)h(the)f(transp)q
2759     (ort)f(proto)q(col)h(set)g(to)g Fo(pname)p Fn(.)0 2036 y Fo(p.protocol_name)e
2760     (\(\))240 2113 y Fn(returns)i(the)g(name)h(of)e(the)i(transp)q(ort)e(proto)q
2761     (col)h(of)g Fo(p)g Fn(as)g(a)g(c)o(har)f(string.)0 2190 y Fo(p.rfc_name)g
2762     (\(\))240 2267 y Fn(returns)25 b(the)h(name)f(of)g(the)g(application)i(proto)
2763     q(col)f(name)f(of)g Fo(p)g Fn(as)g(a)g(c)o(har)g(string.)51
2764     b Fo(pro-)240 2329 y(tocolbuf::rfc_name)13 b(\(\))26 b Fn(is)h(a)f(pure)h
2765     (virtual)g(function;)32 b(th)o(us,)d(an)o(y)d(class)g(deriv)o(ed)i(from)240
2766     2391 y Fo(protocol::protocolbuf)12 b Fn(should)k(pro)o(vide)g(a)f
2767     (de\014nition)i(for)e Fo(protocolbuf::rfc_name)d(\(\))p Fn(.)0
2768     2468 y Fo(p.rfc_doc)i(\(\))240 2545 y Fn(returns)21 b(the)g(RF)o(C)f(do)q
2769     (cumen)o(t)i(name)f(of)f(the)h(application)i(proto)q(col)d(of)h
2770     Fo(p)g Fn(as)f(a)h(c)o(har)f(string.)240 2608 y Fo(protocolbuf::rfc_doc)12
2771     b(\(\))22 b Fn(is)g(a)g(pure)g(virtual)h(function;)j(th)o(us,)d(an)o(y)e
2772     (class)i(deriv)o(ed)g(from)240 2670 y Fo(protocol::protocolbuf)12
2773     b Fn(should)k(pro)o(vide)g(a)f(de\014nition)i(for)e Fo(protocolbuf::rfc_doc)d
2774     (\(\))p Fn(.)p eop
2775     %%Page: 41 43
2776     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(11:)k(Class)c(proto)q(col)1368
2777     b(41)0 183 y Fo(p.serve_clients)13 b(\(portno\))240 258 y Fn(con)o(v)o(erts)j
2778     Fo(p)g Fn(in)o(to)g(a)g(serv)o(er.)23 b(Use)17 b(the)g(p)q(ort)f(sp)q
2779     (eci\014ed)i(in)f Fo(/etc/services)e Fn(for)h(the)g(application)240
2780     320 y(if)i Fo(portno)f(<)g Fn(0.)26 b(Use)18 b(a)f(default)h(p)q(ort)f(if)h
2781     Fo(0)d(<=)g(portno)f(<=)h(1024)p Fn(.)26 b(Otherwise,)19 b(use)f
2782     Fo(portno)e Fn(as)240 382 y(the)e(p)q(ort)g(to)g(accept)g(clien)o(ts)i
2783     (requesting)f(service.)20 b Fo(protocolbuf::serve_clients\(\))11
2784     b Fn(is)j(pure)240 445 y(virtual)h(function;)g(th)o(us,)f(an)o(y)g(class)h
2785     (deriv)o(ed)g(from)f Fo(protocol::protocolbuf)d Fn(should)k(pro)o(vide)240
2786     507 y(a)g(de\014nition)i(for)d Fo(protocolbuf::serve_clients\(\))p
2787     Fn(.)240 582 y(Please)i(do)f(not)g(c)o(hange)g(the)g(meaning)h(of)f
2788     Fo(portno)f Fn(when)i(y)o(ou)f(deriv)o(e)h(y)o(our)e(o)o(wn)h(class.)0
2789     656 y Fo(p.bind)f(\(\))34 b Fn(same)15 b(as)g Fo(p.serve_clients)e(\(-1\))p
2790     Fn(.)0 731 y Fo(p.connect)h(\(\))240 806 y Fn(connects)i(to)e(the)h(lo)q(cal)
2791     i(host's)d(serv)o(er)h(for)f(the)i(application.)21 b Fo(p)15
2792     b Fn(acts)g(as)g(the)g(clien)o(t.)0 881 y Fo(p.connect)f(\(addr\))240
2793     955 y Fn(connects)h(to)e(the)h(serv)o(er)g(running)h(at)f(the)g(mac)o(hine)h
2794     (with)g(address,)f Fo(addr)p Fn(.)k Fo(p)c Fn(acts)g(as)g(the)g(clien)o(t.)0
2795     1030 y Fo(p.connect)g(\(host\))240 1105 y Fn(connects)i(to)e(the)h(serv)o(er)
2796     g(running)i(at)d(the)h(mac)o(hine,)h Fo(host)p Fn(.)j Fo(p)c
2797     Fn(acts)g(as)g(the)g(clien)o(t.)0 1180 y Fo(p.connect)f(\(host,)g(portno\))
2798     240 1254 y Fn(connects)19 b(to)e(the)i(serv)o(er)f(servicing)i(clien)o(ts)f
2799     (at)f Fo(portno)f Fn(at)h(the)g(mac)o(hine,)i Fo(host)p Fn(.)29
2800     b(Unlik)o(e)20 b(this)240 1316 y(connect)13 b(call,)g(the)f(other)g(v)m
2801     (arian)o(ts)g(of)g(connect)g(uses)g(the)h(p)q(ort)e(sp)q(eci\014ed)k(in)e
2802     (the)f Fo(/etc/services)240 1379 y Fn(\014le.)p eop
2803     %%Page: 42 44
2804     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(12:)k(Ec)o(ho)c(Class)1433 b(42)0
2805     183 y Fk(12)41 b(Ec)n(ho)15 b(Class)62 374 y Fn(The)g Fo(echo)g
2806     Fn(class)g(implemen)o(ts)h(RF)o(C)f(862.)j(An)e Fo(echo)e Fn(ob)s(ject,)g(as)
2807     g(a)h(clien)o(t,)h(will)g(get)f(bac)o(k)g(what)f(ev)o(er)h(data)0
2808     437 y(it)f(sends)f(to)g(an)g Fo(echo)g Fn(serv)o(er.)19 b(Similarly)l(,)c(an)
2809     f Fo(echo)e Fn(ob)s(ject,)h(as)g(a)g(serv)o(er,)g(will)i(ec)o(ho)e(bac)o(k)h
2810     (the)f(data)g(it)g(receiv)o(es)0 499 y(from)h(its)i(clien)o(t.)62
2811     637 y(The)i Fo(echo)f Fn(class)h(is)g(deriv)o(ed)g(from)f Fo(protocol)g
2812     Fn(class,)h(and)f(uses)h Fo(echo::echobuf)e Fn(as)h(its)h(stream)e(bu\013er.)
2813     0 699 y Fo(echo::echobuf)d Fn(is)j(in)g(turn)f(is)h(deriv)o(ed)g(from)f
2814     Fo(protocol::protcolbuf)p Fn(.)62 837 y(In)h(what)f(follo)o(ws,)25
2815     975 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(e)15 b Fn(is)h(a)f Fo(echo)f Fn(ob)s(ject.)25
2816     1051 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(pname)14 b Fn(is)i(a)f(transp)q(ort)f(proto)q(col)h
2817     (name)h(and)f(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)h(either)f Fo(protocol::tcp)f
2818     Fn(or)h Fo(protocol::udp)p Fn(.)0 1188 y Fo(echo)g(e)g(\(pname\))240
2819     1264 y Fn(constructs)g(the)g Fo(echo)g Fn(ob)s(ject,)f Fo(e)h
2820     Fn(with)g Fo(pname)g Fn(as)g(its)g(transp)q(ort)f(proto)q(col)i(name.)0
2821     1340 y Fo(echo::operator)d(->)i(\(\))240 1415 y Fn(an)g Fo(echo)g
2822     Fn(ob)s(ject)f(is)i(a)f(smart)f(p)q(oin)o(ter)i(for)e(the)i(underlying)h
2823     Fo(echobuf)p Fn(.)0 1631 y Fg(12.0.1)29 b(tsec)n(ho.C)120 1769
2824     y Fo(//)24 b(echo)f(server.)g(Serves)g(clients)g(at)g(port)h(4000.)120
2825     1818 y(#include)f(<echo.h>)120 1868 y(#include)g(<stdlib.h>)120
2826     1968 y(int)g(main)h(\(\))120 2018 y({)168 2068 y(echo)f(server)g
2827     (\(protocol::tcp\);)168 2117 y(server->serve_clients)e(\(4000\);)168
2828     2167 y(return)i(1;)120 2217 y(})0 2432 y Fg(12.0.2)29 b(tcec)n(ho.C)120
2829     2570 y Fo(//)24 b(echo)f(client.)g(Sends)g("mary)g(had)h(a)f(litte)h(lamb")f
2830     (to)g(the)h(server)120 2620 y(#include)f(<echo.h>)120 2670
2831     y(#include)g(<stdlib.h>)p eop
2832     %%Page: 43 45
2833     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(12:)k(Ec)o(ho)c(Class)1433 b(43)120
2834     233 y Fo(int)23 b(main)h(\(\))120 283 y({)168 333 y(echo)f
2835     (e\(protocol::tcp\);)168 432 y(e->connect)f(\("kelvin.seas.virginia.edu",)e
2836     (4000\);)168 532 y(cout)j(<<)h(e->rfc_name)e(\(\))i(<<)f(')h(')g(<<)f
2837     (e->rfc_doc)g(\(\))g(<<)h(endl;)168 632 y(e)f(<<)h("mary)f(had)h(a)f(little)g
2838     (lamb\\r\\n")g(<<)h(flush;)168 731 y(char)f(buf)g([256];)168
2839     781 y(e.getline)f(\(buf,)i(255\);)168 881 y(cout)f(<<)h("got)f(back:)g(")h
2840     (<<)f(buf)h(<<)f(endl;)168 930 y(return)g(0;)120 980 y(})p
2841     eop
2842     %%Page: 44 46
2843     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(13:)k(SMTP)c(Class)1400 b(44)0
2844     183 y Fk(13)41 b(SMTP)15 b(Class)62 359 y Fn(The)k Fo(smtp)f
2845     Fn(class,)i(whic)o(h)f(is)h(deriv)o(ed)f(from)f Fo(protocol)g
2846     Fn(class,)i(implemen)o(ts)f(RF)o(C)g(821.)29 b(It)19 b(can)g(b)q(e)g(used)0
2847     422 y(only)d(as)f(a)f(clien)o(t.)22 b(Serv)o(er)15 b(function)h(is)f(not)g(y)
2848     o(et)g(implemen)o(ted.)62 559 y Fo(smtp)h Fn(uses)g Fo(smtp::smtpbuf)f
2849     Fn(as)g(its)i(underlying)h(stream)d(bu\013er.)23 b(Also,)16
2850     b(lik)o(e)i(the)e Fo(protocol)f Fn(class,)i Fo(smtp)0 621 y
2851     Fn(is)f(a)f(smart)f(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(class)h(for)f(it)g(is)h
2852     Fo(smtp::smtpbuf)p Fn(.)62 758 y(In)g(what)f(follo)o(ws,)25
2853     895 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(s)15 b Fn(is)h(an)f Fo(smtp)f Fn(ob)s(ject.)25
2854     967 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(sb)15 b Fn(is)h(an)f Fo(smtp::smtpbuf)e
2855     Fn(ob)s(ject.)25 1039 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(io)15 b Fn(is)h(a)e(p)q(oin)o(ter)i
2856     (to)f(an)g Fo(ostream)p Fn(.)25 1111 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(buf)15
2857     b Fn(is)g(a)g(c)o(har)g(bu\013er)g(of)g(length)h Fo(buflen)p
2858     Fn(.)25 1183 y Fl(\000)30 b Fo(str,)15 b(str0,)f(str1,)h(...)f
2859     Fn(are)h(all)h(c)o(har)f(strings.)0 1320 y Fo(smtp)g(s)g(\(io\))240
2860     1392 y Fn(constructs)e(an)h Fo(smtp)e Fn(clien)o(t,)j Fo(s)p
2861     Fn(.)k(An)o(y)14 b(resp)q(onse)g(the)f(clien)o(t)i(gets)e(from)g(the)h(serv)o
2862     (er)f(is)h(sen)o(t)f(to)g(the)240 1455 y(ostream,)h Fo(io)p
2863     Fn(.)0 1527 y Fo(sb.get_response)f(\(\))240 1599 y Fn(gets)i(the)g(serv)o(er)
2864     g(resp)q(onse)h(and)f(sends)h(it)f(to)g Fo(io)f Fn(of)h(the)h
2865     Fo(smtpbuf)p Fn(.)0 1671 y Fo(sb.send_cmd)e(\(str0,)g(str1,)g(str2\))240
2866     1743 y Fn(concatenates)k(strings)g Fo(str0)p Fn(,)g Fo(str1)p
2867     Fn(,)g(and)h Fo(str2)e Fn(and)i(sends)f(the)h(concatenated)f(string)g(to)g
2868     (the)240 1805 y(serv)o(er)d(b)q(efore)g(getting)g(its)h(resp)q(onse.)0
2869     1877 y Fo(sb.send_buf)e(\(buf,)g(buflen\))240 1949 y Fn(sends)i(the)f(con)o
2870     (ten)o(ts)g(of)f(the)i Fo(buf)e Fn(to)h(the)g(serv)o(er.)0
2871     2021 y Fo(sb.helo)f(\(\))0 2093 y(sb.help)g(\(str\))0 2165
2872     y(sb.quit)g(\(\))0 2238 y(sb.turn)g(\(\))0 2310 y(sb.rset)g(\(\))0
2873     2382 y(sb.noop)g(\(\))0 2454 y(sb.data)g(\(\))0 2526 y(sb.vrfy)g(\(str\))0
2874     2598 y(sb.expn)g(\(str\))240 2670 y Fn(implemen)o(ts)i(the)g(resp)q(ectiv)o
2875     (e)g Fi(sm)o(tp)g Fn(commands.)k(See)15 b(RF)o(C)g(821)g(for)f(the)h(meaning)
2876     h(of)f(eac)o(h.)p eop
2877     %%Page: 45 47
2878     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(13:)k(SMTP)c(Class)1400 b(45)0
2879     183 y Fo(sb.mail)14 b(\(str\))240 257 y Fn(sends)22 b(the)f(mail)g(command)g
2880     (to)g(the)g(serv)o(er.)37 b Fo(str)20 b Fn(is)i(the)f(the)g(rev)o(erse)g
2881     (path)g(or)f(the)h Fi(FR)o(OM)240 319 y Fn(address.)0 393 y
2882     Fo(sb.rcpt)14 b(\(str\))240 466 y Fn(sends)g(the)f(recipien)o(t)i(command)e
2883     (to)f(the)h(serv)o(er.)19 b Fo(str)13 b Fn(is)h(the)f(forw)o(ard)f(path)h(or)
2884     f(the)i Fi(TO)h Fn(address.)0 540 y Fo(sb.data)f(\(buf,)h(buflen\))240
2885     614 y Fn(sends)f(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)f(of)g(the)h(bu\013er,)f
2886     Fo(buf)g Fn(as)g(the)h(mail)g(data)f(to)g(the)h(recipien)o(t)h(previously)g
2887     (estab-)240 676 y(lished)i(through)e Fo(smtpbuf::rcpt\(\))e
2888     Fn(calls.)0 749 y Fo(sb.data)h(\(filename\))240 823 y Fn(sends)19
2889     b(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)f(of)g(the)g(\014le,)i Fo(filename)e
2890     Fn(as)g(the)h(mail)g(data)f(to)g(the)h(recipien)o(t)h(previously)240
2891     885 y(established)d(through)e Fo(smtpbuf::rcpt\(\))e Fn(calls.)0
2892     1088 y Fg(13.0.1)29 b(tcsm)n(tp.C)120 1225 y Fo(//)24 b(smtp)f(client.)120
2893     1275 y(//)h(The)f(president)g(sends)g(a)h(message)e(to)i(gs4t@virginia.edu.)
2894     120 1325 y(#include)f(<smtp.h>)120 1375 y(#include)g(<stdio.h>)120
2895     1425 y(#include)g(<pwd.h>)120 1474 y(#include)g(<unistd.h>)120
2896     1574 y(int)g(main)h(\(\))120 1624 y({)168 1674 y(smtp)f(client)g(\(&cout\);)
2897     168 1773 y(//)g(establish)g(connection)168 1823 y(client->connect)f
2898     (\("fulton.seas.virginia.)o(edu"\);)168 1873 y(client->helo)g(\(\);)168
2899     1973 y(//)h(get)h(help)168 2022 y(client->help)e(\(\);)168
2900     2122 y(//)h(setup)g(the)h(FROM)f(address)168 2172 y(client->mail)f
2901     (\("president@whitehouse.gov)o("\);)168 2271 y(//)h(setup)g(the)h(TO)g
2902     (address)168 2321 y(client->rcpt)e(\("gs4t@virginia.edu"\);)168
2903     2421 y(//)h(send)h(the)f(message)168 2471 y(client->data)f(\(\);)168
2904     2521 y(client)h(<<)g("Hi)h(Sekar,)f(I)h(appoint)e(you)i(as)g(the)f(director)g
2905     (of)g(NASA\\r\\n")g(<<)h(flush;)168 2570 y(client)f(<<)g(")96
2906     b(-Bill,)23 b(Hill,)g(and)g(Chel\\r\\n")g(<<)h(flush;)168 2620
2907     y(cout)f(<<)h(client;)f(//)g(get)h(the)f(server)g(response.)p
2908     eop
2909     %%Page: 46 48
2910     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(13:)k(SMTP)c(Class)1400 b(46)168
2911     183 y Fo(//)23 b(finally)g(quit)168 233 y(client->quit)f(\(\);)168
2912     333 y(return)h(0;)120 382 y(})p eop
2913     %%Page: 47 49
2914     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(14:)k(Error)14 b(Handling)1349
2915     b(47)0 183 y Fk(14)41 b(Error)15 b(Handling)62 370 y Fn(Eac)o(h)k(class)h(in)
2916     g(the)f(So)q(c)o(k)o(et)p Fo(++)g Fn(library)h(uses)f Fo(error\(const)14
2917     b(char*\))k Fn(mem)o(b)q(er)i(function)g(to)e(rep)q(ort)h(an)o(y)0
2918     432 y(errors)g(that)f(ma)o(y)h(o)q(ccur)g(during)i(a)e(system)g(call.)33
2919     b(It)19 b(\014rst)g(calls)i Fo(perror\(\))d Fn(to)g(rep)q(ort)h(the)h(error)e
2920     (message)0 495 y(for)h(the)h Fo(errno)g Fn(set)f(b)o(y)h(the)g(system)g
2921     (call.)35 b(It)20 b(then)h(calls)g Fo(sock_error)14 b(\(const)g(char*)g(nm,)h
2922     (const)g(char*)0 557 y(errmsg\))f Fn(where)i Fo(nm)f Fn(is)g(the)h(name)f(of)
2923     f(the)i(class.)62 694 y(The)g Fo(sock_error\(\))d Fn(function)j(simply)h
2924     (prin)o(ts)e(the)g Fo(nm)g Fn(and)h(the)f Fo(errmsg)f Fn(on)h(the)h
2925     Fi(stderr)p Fn(.)p eop
2926     %%Page: 48 50
2927     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(15:)k(Pitfalls)1510 b(48)0 183
2928     y Fk(15)41 b(Pitfalls)62 374 y Fn(Deadlo)q(c)o(ks)19 b(in)g(datagram)e(so)q
2929     (c)o(k)o(ets)h(are)g(the)h(most)f(common)g(mistak)o(es)g(that)g(no)o(vices)h
2930     (mak)o(e.)29 b(T)l(o)18 b(allevi-)0 436 y(ate)i(the)g(problem,)i
2931     Fo(sockbuf)d Fn(class)h(pro)o(vides)h(timeout)f(facilities)i(that)e(can)g(b)q
2932     (e)h(used)g(e\013ectiv)o(ely)g(to)e(a)o(v)o(oid)0 498 y(deadlo)q(c)o(ks.)62
2933     636 y(Consider)14 b(the)g(follo)o(wing)h(simple)g(tsm)o(tp)d(example)j(whic)o
2934     (h)f(sends)h(the)e(HELP)h(command)g(to)f(a)g(sm)o(tp)g(serv)o(er)0
2935     698 y(and)18 b(gets)g(bac)o(k)f(the)h(help)i(message.)27 b(Supp)q(ose)19
2936     b(it)g(do)q(es)f(not)f(kno)o(w)h(the)g(size)h(of)e(the)h(help)i(message)d
2937     (nor)h(the)0 761 y(format)c(of)h(the)h(message.)k(In)d(suc)o(h)f(cases,)f
2938     (the)g(timeout)h(facilities)i(of)d Fo(sockbuf)f Fn(class)i(pro)o(vides)g(the)
2939     g(required)0 823 y(to)q(ols.)62 961 y(The)i(example)h(terminates)f(the)g
2940     (help)h(message)e(reception)i(if)g(the)f(there)g(is)g(no)g(input)h(activit)o
2941     (y)f(from)f(the)0 1023 y(sm)o(tp)e(serv)o(er)f(for)h(10)g(seconds.)0
2942     1237 y Fg(tsm)n(tp.cc)120 1375 y Fo(#include)23 b(<sockinet.h>)120
2943     1474 y(int)g(main\(\))120 1524 y({)120 1574 y(iosockinet)70
2944     b(sio\(sockbuf::sock_stream\);)120 1674 y(sio->connect\("kelvin.seas.)o
2945     (virgini)o(a.edu",)20 b("smtp",)j("tcp"\);)120 1773 y(char)g(buf[512];)120
2946     1823 y(sio.getline\(buf,)f(511\);)h(cout)g(<<)h(buf)f(<<)h(endl;)120
2947     1873 y(sio)f(<<)h("HELO)f(kelvin\\n")g(<<)g(flush;)120 1923
2948     y(sio.getline\(buf,)f(511\);)h(cout)g(<<)h(buf)f(<<)h(endl;)120
2949     2022 y(sio)f(<<)h("HELP\\n")f(<<)g(flush;)311 2122 y(//)g(set)h(the)f
2950     (receive)g(timeout)g(to)h(10)f(seconds)311 2172 y(int)g(tmo)h(=)g
2951     (sio->recvtimeout\(10\);)120 2271 y(while)f(\()h(sio.getline\(buf,)e(511\))h
2952     (\))h(cout)f(<<)h(buf)f(<<)h(endl;)120 2321 y(//)g(if)f(the)h(above)f(while)g
2953     (loop)g(terminated)g(due)g(to)h(timeout)120 2371 y(//)g(clear)f(the)g(state)g
2954     (of)h(sio.)120 2421 y(if)g(\()f(!sio->is_eof\(\))f(\))120 2471
2955     y(sio.clear\(\);)120 2521 y(sio->recvtimeout\(tmo\);)f(//)i(reset)h(the)f
2956     (receive)g(timeout)g(time)120 2620 y(sio)g(<<)h("QUIT\\n")f(<<)g(flush;)120
2957     2670 y(sio.getline\(buf,)f(511\);)h(cout)g(<<)h(buf)f(<<)h(endl;)p
2958     eop
2959     %%Page: 49 51
2960     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Chapter)15 b(15:)k(Pitfalls)1510 b(49)311 183
2961     y Fo(return)23 b(0;)120 233 y(})p eop
2962     %%Page: 50 52
2963     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Index)1795 b(50)0 183 y Fk(Index)0 416 y Fm(A)0
2964     482 y Ff(accepting)15 b(connections)7 b Fe(:)h(:)e(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
2965     g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
2966     (:)g(:)g(:)20 b Ff(9)0 540 y(ac)o(kno)o(wledgmen)o(ts)13 b
2967     Fe(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
2968     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23
2969     b Ff(2)0 667 y Fm(B)0 734 y Ff(base)14 b(address)g(class)5
2970     b Fe(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
2971     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)17
2972     b Ff(13)0 792 y(binding)f(addresses)8 b Fe(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)
2973     g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
2974     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Ff(9)0 919 y Fm(C)0 985 y Ff(class)14
2975     b(iso)q(c)o(kinet)f Fe(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
2976     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
2977     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Ff(28)0 1043 y(class)14 b(iso)q(c)o(kunix)6
2978     b Fe(:)j(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
2979     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19
2980     b Ff(31)0 1102 y(class)14 b(so)q(c)o(kbuf)5 b Fe(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
2981     (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
2982     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)17 b
2983     Ff(4)0 1160 y(common)d(mistak)o(es)6 b Fe(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
2984     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
2985     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Ff(48)0 1218 y(connect)6 b Fe(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f
2986     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
2987     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
2988     (:)g(:)19 b Ff(9)0 1276 y(connection)c(establishmen)o(t)t Fe(:)9
2989     b(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
2990     (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Ff(9)0 1334 y(Cop)o(yrigh)o(t)t
2991     Fe(:)7 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
2992     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
2993     (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)16 b Ff(1)0 1392 y(cop)o(yrigh)o(t)f(notice)t
2994     Fe(:)7 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
2995     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)16
2996     b Ff(1)0 1519 y Fm(D)0 1586 y Ff(datagram)e(inet)d Fe(:)6 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
2997     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
2998     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Ff(16)0
2999     1644 y(datagram)14 b(unix)6 b Fe(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3000     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3001     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)18 b Ff(21)0 1771 y Fm(E)0 1837
3002     y Ff(ec)o(ho)13 b(class)t Fe(:)8 b(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
3003     g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3004     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Ff(42)0 1895
3005     y Fd(echo::echo)t Fe(:)s(:)7 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
3006     g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
3007     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Ff(42)0 1953 y Fd(echo::oper)o(at)o(or-)o(>)6
3008     b Fe(:)s(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3009     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19
3010     b Ff(42)0 2012 y(error)13 b(handling)g Fe(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3011     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3012     (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Ff(47)0 2139 y
3013     Fm(F)0 2205 y Ff(\015ushing)15 b(bu\013ers)d Fe(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
3014     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3015     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)23 b Ff(4)0 2263
3016     y(\015ushing)15 b(output)d Fe(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3017     (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
3018     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Ff(8)0 2321 y(fork)13 b(class)8
3019     b Fe(:)f(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
3020     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
3021     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Ff(37)0 2379 y(fork)13 b(example)t
3022     Fe(:)7 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3023     (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
3024     (:)g(:)16 b Ff(38)0 2438 y Fd(Fork::Fork)t Fe(:)s(:)7 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3025     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3026     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b
3027     Ff(37)0 2496 y Fd(Fork::is)p 162 2496 12 2 v 11 w(child)10
3028     b Fe(:)c(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
3029     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24
3030     b Ff(37)0 2554 y Fd(Fork::is)p 162 2554 V 11 w(parent)8 b Fe(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g
3031     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3032     (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Ff(37)0 2612
3033     y Fd(Fork::proc)o(es)o(s)p 260 2612 V 11 w(id)9 b Fe(:)c(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
3034     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3035     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Ff(37)0 2670 y Fd(Fork::suic)o(id)o(e)p
3036     260 2670 V 11 w(signal)t Fe(:)t(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3037     (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17
3038     b Ff(37)1015 416 y Fm(G)1015 482 y Fd(getpeername)9 b(\(see)i(sockinetbu)o
3039     (f::)o(pee)o(ra)o(ddr)o(\))6 b Fe(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23
3040     b Ff(15)1015 540 y Fd(getsockname)9 b(\(see)i(sockinetbu)o(f::)o(loc)o(al)o
3041     (add)o(r\))c Fe(:)s(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Ff(14)1015 598 y(getso)q(c)o(k)o
3042     (opt)6 b Fe(:)i(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3043     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3044     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)19 b Ff(10)1015 725 y Fm(I)1015 792
3045     y Ff(inet)14 b(address)g(class)9 b Fe(:)f(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3046     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3047     (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Ff(19)1015 850 y(inet)14 b(domain)s
3048     Fe(:)8 b(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3049     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
3050     (:)f(:)g(:)16 b Ff(14)1015 908 y Fd(iopipestrea)o(m:)o(:fo)o(rk)s
3051     Fe(:)s(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3052     (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Ff(33)1015
3053     966 y Fd(iopipestrea)o(m:)o(:io)o(pip)o(es)o(tre)o(am)7 b Fe(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
3054     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24
3055     b Ff(33)1015 1024 y Fd(iopipestrea)o(m:)o(:pi)o(d)5 b Fe(:)s(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g
3056     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3057     (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Ff(33)1015 1082 y(ioso)q(c)o(kinet)e
3058     (example)5 b Fe(:)j(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
3059     (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)18
3060     b Ff(17)1015 1140 y(ioso)q(c)o(kinet)e(examples)6 b Fe(:)i(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
3061     g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3062     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)19 b Ff(29)1015 1198 y(ioso)q(c)o(kstream)c(class)
3063     d Fe(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
3064     g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24
3065     b Ff(27)1015 1256 y(ioso)q(c)o(kstream)15 b(classes)s Fe(:)8
3066     b(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3067     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)16 b Ff(26)1015
3068     1315 y Fd(iosockstrea)o(m:)o(:io)o(soc)o(ks)o(tre)o(am)7 b
3069     Fe(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
3070     g(:)g(:)24 b Ff(28)1015 1373 y Fd(iosockstrea)o(m:)o(:op)o(era)o(to)o(r->)t
3071     Fe(:)s(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3072     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Ff(28)1015 1431 y Fd(iosockstrea)o(m:)o(:rd)o
3073     (buf)7 b Fe(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3074     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Ff(28)1015
3075     1489 y(ioso)q(c)o(kunix)16 b(class)5 b Fe(:)j(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3076     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3077     (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Ff(30)1015 1547 y(ioso)q(c)o(kunix)e
3078     (example)9 b Fe(:)f(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3079     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22
3080     b Ff(23)1015 1605 y(ioso)q(c)o(kunix)16 b(examples)c Fe(:)6
3081     b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3082     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Ff(31)1015
3083     1663 y Fd(ipipestream)o(::)o(ipi)o(pes)o(tr)o(eam)t Fe(:)s(:)6
3084     b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3085     (:)g(:)g(:)18 b Ff(33)1015 1721 y(iso)q(c)o(kinet)e(class)c
3086     Fe(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
3087     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24
3088     b Ff(28)1015 1779 y(iso)q(c)o(kinet)16 b(example)6 b Fe(:)h(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g
3089     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3090     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)19 b Ff(16)1015 1838
3091     y Fd(isockinet::)o(is)o(ock)o(ine)o(t)6 b Fe(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3092     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3093     (:)23 b Ff(29)1015 1896 y Fd(isockinet::)o(op)o(era)o(tor)o(->)7
3094     b Fe(:)t(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3095     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Ff(29)1015 1954 y Fd(isockinet::)o
3096     (rd)o(buf)5 b Fe(:)t(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3097     (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)19
3098     b Ff(29)1015 2012 y(iso)q(c)o(kstream)c(class)s Fe(:)7 b(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
3099     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3100     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)16 b Ff(26)1015 2070
3101     y Fd(isockstream)o(::)o(iso)o(cks)o(tr)o(eam)t Fe(:)s(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3102     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18
3103     b Ff(26)1015 2128 y Fd(isockstream)o(::)o(ope)o(rat)o(or)o(->)5
3104     b Fe(:)s(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
3105     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Ff(26)1015 2186 y Fd(isockstream)o(::)o(rdb)o
3106     (uf)s Fe(:)s(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
3107     g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17
3108     b Ff(26)1015 2244 y(iso)q(c)o(kunix)f(class)6 b Fe(:)h(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
3109     g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3110     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Ff(31)1015
3111     2303 y(iso)q(c)o(kunix)d(example)c Fe(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3112     (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
3113     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Ff(21)1015 2361 y Fd(isockunix::)o(is)o(ock)o(uni)o
3114     (x)6 b Fe(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3115     (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Ff(31)1015
3116     2419 y Fd(isockunix::)o(op)o(era)o(tor)o(->)7 b Fe(:)t(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
3117     g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3118     (:)22 b Ff(31)1015 2477 y Fd(isockunix::)o(rd)o(buf)5 b Fe(:)t(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)
3119     g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3120     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)19 b Ff(31)1015 2604 y Fm(L)1015
3121     2670 y Ff(listening)9 b Fe(:)g(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)
3122     g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3123     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)21 b Ff(9)p
3124     eop
3125     %%Page: 51 53
3126     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Index)1795 b(51)0 183 y Fm(N)0 250 y Ff(names)10
3127     b Fe(:)c(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3128     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
3129     (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Ff(9)0 367 y Fm(O)0
3130     433 y Fd(opipestrea)o(m:)o(:op)o(ip)o(est)o(rea)o(m)t Fe(:)s(:)6
3131     b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
3132     (:)g(:)g(:)17 b Ff(33)0 492 y(option)d(getting)s Fe(:)8 b(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3133     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
3134     (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)16 b
3135     Ff(9)0 550 y(option)e(setting)5 b Fe(:)j(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
3136     (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
3137     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Ff(9)0 608 y(oso)q(c)o(kinet)d
3138     (example)d Fe(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
3139     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23
3140     b Ff(16)0 666 y(oso)q(c)o(kstream)14 b(class)7 b Fe(:)h(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3141     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3142     (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Ff(27)0 724 y Fd(osockstrea)o(m:)o
3143     (:op)o(er)o(ato)o(r->)5 b Fe(:)s(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
3144     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Ff(27)0
3145     782 y Fd(osockstrea)o(m:)o(:os)o(oc)o(kst)o(rea)o(m)t Fe(:)s(:)6
3146     b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
3147     (:)g(:)g(:)17 b Ff(27)0 840 y Fd(osockstrea)o(m:)o(:rd)o(bu)o(f)t
3148     Fe(:)s(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3149     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)16 b Ff(27)0
3150     898 y(oso)q(c)o(kunix)f(example)6 b Fe(:)i(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
3151     g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3152     (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)18 b Ff(21)0 956 y(o)o(v)o(erview)c(of)f(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)p
3153     Fd(++)c Fe(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
3154     g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22
3155     b Ff(3)0 1074 y Fm(P)0 1140 y Fd(pipe)t Fe(:)5 b(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3156     (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
3157     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3158     (:)17 b Ff(33)0 1198 y(pip)q(e)d(example)d Fe(:)6 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
3159     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3160     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Ff(34)0
3161     1256 y(pip)q(estream)15 b(classes)c Fe(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3162     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3163     (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Ff(33)0 1315 y(pip)q(estream)15 b(examples)5
3164     b Fe(:)i(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
3165     (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Ff(33)0
3166     1373 y(pitfalls)t Fe(:)8 b(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)
3167     g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3168     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)16 b Ff(48)0
3169     1431 y Fd(popen)s Fe(:)t(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
3170     g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3171     (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)16 b Ff(33)0
3172     1489 y(p)q(op)q(en)e(example)f Fe(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
3173     (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
3174     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Ff(35)0 1547 y Fd(protcolbuf)o(::)o(pro)o(to)
3175     o(col)p 397 1547 12 2 v 10 w(name)6 b Fe(:)f(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3176     (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b
3177     Ff(40)0 1605 y(proto)q(col)14 b(class)7 b Fe(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
3178     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3179     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)19 b Ff(40)0 1663
3180     y(proto)q(colbuf)c(class)5 b Fe(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
3181     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3182     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Ff(40)0 1721 y Fd(protocolbu)o(f:)o(:bi)o(nd)t
3183     Fe(:)s(:)6 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
3184     (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b
3185     Ff(41)0 1779 y Fd(protocolbu)o(f:)o(:co)o(nn)o(ect)6 b Fe(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3186     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3187     (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)22 b Ff(41)0 1838 y Fd(protocolbu)o(f:)o(:pr)o(ot)o(oco)o(lbu)
3188     o(f)t Fe(:)s(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
3189     g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Ff(40)0 1896 y Fd(protocolbu)o(f:)o(:rf)o(c)
3190     p 319 1896 V 11 w(doc)t Fe(:)5 b(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3191     (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17
3192     b Ff(40)0 1954 y Fd(protocolbu)o(f:)o(:rf)o(c)p 319 1954 V
3193     11 w(name)9 b Fe(:)e(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3194     (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Ff(40)0
3195     2012 y Fd(protocolbu)o(f:)o(:se)o(rv)o(e)p 358 2012 V 11 w(clients)5
3196     b Fe(:)s(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3197     (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)17 b Ff(41)0 2129 y Fm(R)0 2196 y Ff(read)c(timeouts)5
3198     b Fe(:)j(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3199     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3200     (:)18 b Ff(11)0 2313 y Fm(S)0 2379 y Ff(setso)q(c)o(k)o(opt)8
3201     b Fe(:)f(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
3202     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3203     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Ff(10)0 2438 y(sm)o(tp)13 b(class)c Fe(:)e(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)
3204     g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
3205     (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)21
3206     b Ff(44)0 2496 y Fd(smtp::smtp)t Fe(:)s(:)7 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3207     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3208     (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Ff(44)0 2554
3209     y Fd(smtpbuf::g)o(et)p 240 2554 V 10 w(response)8 b Fe(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
3210     g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3211     (:)g(:)24 b Ff(44)0 2612 y Fd(smtpbuf::s)o(en)o(d)p 260 2612
3212     V 11 w(buf)8 b Fe(:)d(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
3213     (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)20
3214     b Ff(44)0 2670 y Fd(smtpbuf::s)o(en)o(d)p 260 2670 V 11 w(cmd)8
3215     b Fe(:)d(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
3216     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)20 b
3217     Ff(44)1015 183 y(so)q(c)o(kAddr)14 b(class)5 b Fe(:)j(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3218     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3219     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Ff(13)1015
3220     241 y Fd(sockAddr::f)o(am)o(ily)5 b Fe(:)t(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
3221     g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3222     (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)19 b Ff(13)1015 299 y Fd(sockAddr::o)o(pe)o(rat)o(or)9
3223     b(void*)f Fe(:)t(:)e(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3224     (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Ff(13)1015 358 y Fd(sockAddr::s)o(iz)o(e)
3225     9 b Fe(:)s(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
3226     g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22
3227     b Ff(13)1015 416 y(so)q(c)o(kbuf)14 b(class)5 b Fe(:)j(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
3228     g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3229     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b
3230     Ff(4)1015 474 y(so)q(c)o(kbuf)c(constructors)9 b Fe(:)f(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3231     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3232     (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Ff(4)1015 532 y(so)q(c)o(kbuf)14
3233     b(destructor)9 b Fe(:)f(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
3234     (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
3235     (:)22 b Ff(5)1015 590 y(so)q(c)o(kbuf)14 b(reading)7 b Fe(:)h(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g
3236     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3237     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Ff(5)1015
3238     648 y(so)q(c)o(kbuf)14 b(writing)d Fe(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3239     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3240     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)22 b Ff(5)1015 706 y Fd(sockbuf::~s)o(oc)o
3241     (kbu)o(f)6 b Fe(:)s(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3242     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19
3243     b Ff(5)1015 764 y Fd(sockbuf::ac)o(ce)o(pt)8 b Fe(:)s(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
3244     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3245     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Ff(9)1015 823 y Fd(sockbuf::bi)o(nd)8
3246     b Fe(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
3247     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24
3248     b Ff(9)1015 881 y Fd(sockbuf::br)o(oa)o(dca)o(st)s Fe(:)s(:)6
3249     b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
3250     (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Ff(11)1015 939
3251     y Fd(sockbuf::cl)o(ea)o(rer)o(ror)7 b Fe(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
3252     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3253     (:)24 b Ff(10)1015 997 y Fd(sockbuf::cl)o(os)o(e)7 b Fe(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3254     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3255     (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Ff(5)1015
3256     1055 y Fd(sockbuf::co)o(nn)o(ect)6 b Fe(:)t(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3257     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3258     (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Ff(9)1015 1113 y Fd(sockbuf::de)o(bu)o(g)9
3259     b Fe(:)s(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3260     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22
3261     b Ff(10)1015 1171 y Fd(sockbuf::do)o(al)o(loc)o(ate)r Fe(:)t(:)6
3262     b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3263     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)16 b Ff(8)1015 1229
3264     y Fd(sockbuf::do)o(nt)o(rou)o(te)s Fe(:)s(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
3265     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3266     (:)g(:)g(:)17 b Ff(11)1015 1287 y Fd(sockbuf::fl)o(us)o(h)p
3267     1295 1287 V 11 w(output)t Fe(:)t(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
3268     g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17
3269     b Ff(8)1015 1346 y Fd(sockbuf::ge)o(to)o(pt)7 b Fe(:)s(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)
3270     f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3271     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Ff(10)1015 1404 y Fd(sockbuf::ge)o(tt)o
3272     (ype)5 b Fe(:)t(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
3273     (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)19
3274     b Ff(10)1015 1462 y Fd(sockbuf::is)p 1236 1462 V 10 w(eof)10
3275     b Fe(:)d(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
3276     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)24
3277     b Ff(6)1015 1520 y Fd(sockbuf::is)p 1236 1520 V 10 w(exceptionpe)o(nd)o(ing)r
3278     Fe(:)s(:)7 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
3279     (:)g(:)g(:)16 b Ff(7)1015 1578 y Fd(sockbuf::is)p 1236 1578
3280     V 10 w(open)6 b Fe(:)f(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
3281     h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)18
3282     b Ff(5,)13 b(6)1015 1636 y Fd(sockbuf::is)p 1236 1636 V 10
3283     w(readready)s Fe(:)t(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
3284     g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17
3285     b Ff(7)1015 1694 y Fd(sockbuf::is)p 1236 1694 V 10 w(writeready)7
3286     b Fe(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
3287     (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Ff(7)1015 1752 y Fd(sockbuf::ke)o(ep)
3288     o(ali)o(ve)s Fe(:)s(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3289     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17
3290     b Ff(11)1015 1810 y Fd(sockbuf::li)o(ng)o(er)7 b Fe(:)s(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
3291     (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
3292     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Ff(11)1015 1869 y Fd(sockbuf::li)o
3293     (st)o(en)8 b Fe(:)s(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3294     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3295     (:)22 b Ff(9)1015 1927 y Fd(sockbuf::ms)o(gf)o(lag)8 b Fe(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3296     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3297     (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Ff(6,)13 b(7)1015 1985 y Fd(sockbuf::oo)o(bi)
3298     o(nli)o(ne)s Fe(:)s(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3299     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17
3300     b Ff(11)1015 2043 y Fd(sockbuf::op)o(en)8 b Fe(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
3301     g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3302     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Ff(5)1015 2101
3303     y Fd(sockbuf::op)o(er)o(ato)o(r=)t Fe(:)s(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
3304     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3305     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Ff(5)1015 2159 y Fd(sockbuf::ov)o(er)o(flo)o(w)6
3306     b Fe(:)s(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3307     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19
3308     b Ff(8)1015 2217 y Fd(sockbuf::rc)o(vb)o(uf)7 b Fe(:)s(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)
3309     f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3310     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Ff(11)1015 2275 y Fd(sockbuf::re)o(ad)8
3311     b Fe(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
3312     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24
3313     b Ff(7)1015 2334 y Fd(sockbuf::re)o(cv)8 b Fe(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3314     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3315     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Ff(7)1015 2392
3316     y Fd(sockbuf::re)o(cv)o(fro)o(m)6 b Fe(:)s(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
3317     h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
3318     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Ff(7)1015 2450 y Fd(sockbuf::re)o(cv)o(msg)6
3319     b Fe(:)t(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
3320     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)20
3321     b Ff(7)1015 2508 y Fd(sockbuf::re)o(cv)o(tim)o(eou)o(t)5 b
3322     Fe(:)s(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
3323     g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Ff(8,)13 b(12)1015 2566 y
3324     Fd(sockbuf::re)o(us)o(ead)o(dr)s Fe(:)s(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
3325     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3326     (:)g(:)17 b Ff(11)1015 2624 y Fd(sockbuf::se)o(nd)8 b Fe(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3327     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3328     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Ff(6)p
3329     eop
3330     %%Page: 52 54
3331     bop 0 -58 a Fn(Index)1795 b(52)0 183 y Fd(sockbuf::s)o(en)o(dms)o(g)7
3332     b Fe(:)s(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3333     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20
3334     b Ff(6)0 241 y Fd(sockbuf::s)o(en)o(dti)o(me)o(out)t Fe(:)t(:)6
3335     b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3336     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Ff(8,)13 b(12)0 299 y Fd(sockbuf::s)o(en)o(dto)8
3337     b Fe(:)s(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3338     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21
3339     b Ff(6)0 358 y Fd(sockbuf::s)o(et)o(opt)6 b Fe(:)t(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
3340     g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3341     (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Ff(10)0 416 y Fd(sockbuf::s)o(hu)o(tdo)o(wn)5
3342     b Fe(:)s(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
3343     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19
3344     b Ff(5)0 474 y Fd(sockbuf::s)o(hu)o(tho)o(w)7 b Fe(:)s(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
3345     h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
3346     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Ff(5)0 532 y Fd(sockbuf::s)o(nd)o(buf)6
3347     b Fe(:)t(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
3348     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20
3349     b Ff(11)0 590 y Fd(sockbuf::s)o(oc)o(kbu)o(f)7 b Fe(:)s(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3350     (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
3351     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Ff(4)0 648 y Fd(sockbuf::s)o(yn)o(c)8
3352     b Fe(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3353     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24
3354     b Ff(8)0 706 y Fd(sockbuf::s)o(ys)p 240 706 12 2 v 10 w(read)9
3355     b Fe(:)c(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
3356     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)21
3357     b Ff(7)0 764 y Fd(sockbuf::s)o(ys)p 240 764 V 10 w(write)7
3358     b Fe(:)e(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3359     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b
3360     Ff(6)0 823 y Fd(sockbuf::t)o(yp)o(e)8 b Fe(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)
3361     f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3362     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Ff(4)0 881 y Fd(sockbuf::u)o(nd)o
3363     (erf)o(lo)o(w)5 b Fe(:)s(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
3364     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)17
3365     b Ff(8)0 939 y Fd(sockbuf::w)o(ri)o(te)6 b Fe(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3366     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3367     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)22 b Ff(6)0 997 y Fd(sockbuf::x)o(sp)o
3368     (utn)8 b Fe(:)s(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
3369     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21
3370     b Ff(8)0 1055 y(so)q(c)o(k)o(et)13 b(options)h Fe(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3371     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3372     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Ff(9)0
3373     1113 y Fd(socketpair)t Fe(:)s(:)7 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3374     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3375     (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Ff(33)0 1171 y(so)q(c)o(k)o(etpair)d
3376     (example)s Fe(:)8 b(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
3377     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)16
3378     b Ff(34)0 1229 y(so)q(c)o(kinetaddr)f(class)s Fe(:)8 b(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
3379     g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
3380     (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)16 b Ff(19)0 1287 y Fd(sockinetad)o(dr)o(::f)o
3381     (am)o(ily)6 b Fe(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3382     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)22 b Ff(20)0
3383     1346 y Fd(sockinetad)o(dr)o(::g)o(et)o(por)o(t)8 b Fe(:)s(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
3384     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3385     (:)g(:)21 b Ff(20)0 1404 y Fd(sockinetad)o(dr)o(::g)o(et)o(tho)o(stn)o(am)o
3386     (e)7 b Fe(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
3387     (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Ff(20)0 1462 y Fd(sockinetad)o(dr)o(::o)o(pe)o(rat)o(or)9
3388     b(void*)h Fe(:)c(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
3389     (:)g(:)g(:)24 b Ff(19)0 1520 y Fd(sockinetad)o(dr)o(::s)o(iz)o(e)t
3390     Fe(:)s(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3391     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)16 b Ff(19)0
3392     1578 y Fd(sockinetad)o(dr)o(::s)o(oc)o(kin)o(eta)o(dd)o(r)7
3393     b Fe(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
3394     (:)g(:)g(:)23 b Ff(19)0 1636 y(so)q(c)o(kinetbuf)15 b(class)6
3395     b Fe(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3396     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19
3397     b Ff(14)0 1694 y(so)q(c)o(kinetbuf)c(dgram)e(example)f Fe(:)6
3398     b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3399     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Ff(16)0 1752 y(so)q(c)o(kinetbuf)15 b(stream)e(example)7
3400     b Fe(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3401     (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Ff(17)0 1810 y Fd(sockinetbu)o(f:)o(:bi)o(nd)t
3402     Fe(:)s(:)6 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
3403     (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b
3404     Ff(15)0 1869 y Fd(sockinetbu)o(f:)o(:co)o(nn)o(ect)6 b Fe(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3405     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3406     (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)22 b Ff(15)0 1927 y Fd(sockinetbu)o(f:)o(:lo)o(ca)o(lad)o(dr)7
3407     b Fe(:)s(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
3408     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Ff(14)0 1985 y Fd(sockinetbu)o(f:)o(:lo)o
3409     (ca)o(lho)o(st)7 b Fe(:)s(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3410     (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Ff(15)0
3411     2043 y Fd(sockinetbu)o(f:)o(:lo)o(ca)o(lpo)o(rt)7 b Fe(:)s(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
3412     g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3413     (:)20 b Ff(15)1015 183 y Fd(sockinetbuf)o(::)o(ope)o(n)5 b
3414     Fe(:)s(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
3415     g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Ff(14)1015
3416     241 y Fd(sockinetbuf)o(::)o(ope)o(rat)o(or)9 b(=)g Fe(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3417     (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)22
3418     b Ff(14)1015 299 y Fd(sockinetbuf)o(::)o(pee)o(rad)o(dr)7 b
3419     Fe(:)t(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
3420     g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Ff(15)1015 358 y Fd(sockinetbuf)o(::)o
3421     (pee)o(rho)o(st)7 b Fe(:)t(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)
3422     f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Ff(15)1015
3423     416 y Fd(sockinetbuf)o(::)o(pee)o(rpo)o(rt)7 b Fe(:)t(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3424     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3425     (:)22 b Ff(15)1015 474 y Fd(sockinetbuf)o(::)o(soc)o(kin)o(et)o(buf)t
3426     Fe(:)s(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3427     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Ff(14)1015 532 y(so)q(c)o(kstream)c(classes)d
3428     Fe(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3429     (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23
3430     b Ff(26)1015 590 y(so)q(c)o(kunixadd)q(r)15 b(class)7 b Fe(:)h(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)
3431     g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3432     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Ff(25)1015 648 y Fd(sockunixadd)o(r:)
3433     o(:fa)o(mil)o(y)6 b Fe(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
3434     g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23
3435     b Ff(25)1015 706 y Fd(sockunixadd)o(r:)o(:op)o(era)o(to)o(r)10
3436     b(void*)f Fe(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3437     (:)g(:)g(:)25 b Ff(25)1015 764 y Fd(sockunixadd)o(r:)o(:si)o(ze)s
3438     Fe(:)s(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3439     (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Ff(25)1015
3440     823 y Fd(sockunixadd)o(r:)o(:so)o(cku)o(ni)o(xad)o(dr)7 b Fe(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
3441     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24
3442     b Ff(25)1015 881 y(so)q(c)o(kunixbuf)16 b(class)11 b Fe(:)6
3443     b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3444     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b
3445     Ff(21)1015 939 y(so)q(c)o(kunixbuf)16 b(example)5 b Fe(:)j(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
3446     g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3447     (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)18 b Ff(23)1015 997 y Fd(sockunixbuf)o(::)o(bin)o(d)5
3448     b Fe(:)s(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3449     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b
3450     Ff(21)1015 1055 y Fd(sockunixbuf)o(::)o(con)o(nec)o(t)6 b Fe(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
3451     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3452     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Ff(21)1015 1113 y Fd(sockunixbuf)o(::)o(ope)o(n)5
3453     b Fe(:)s(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3454     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b
3455     Ff(21)1015 1171 y Fd(sockunixbuf)o(::)o(ope)o(rat)o(or)9 b(=)g
3456     Fe(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
3457     g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)22 b Ff(21)1015 1229 y Fd(sockunixbuf)o(::)o(soc)o
3458     (kun)o(ix)o(buf)t Fe(:)s(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)
3459     g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Ff(21)1015 1287
3460     y(stream)c(inet)8 b Fe(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
3461     g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3462     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Ff(17)1015 1346 y(stream)14
3463     b(unix)s Fe(:)8 b(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
3464     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3465     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17 b Ff(23)1015 1473 y Fm(T)1015 1539 y
3466     Ff(timeout)d(example)6 b Fe(:)i(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
3467     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
3468     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)19 b Ff(48)1015 1597 y(timeouts)5 b Fe(:)j(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3469     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
3470     (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)18
3471     b Ff(11)1015 1725 y Fm(U)1015 1791 y Ff(unix)d(address)f(class)t
3472     Fe(:)7 b(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
3473     (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)17
3474     b Ff(25)1015 1849 y(unix)e(domain)7 b Fe(:)g(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3475     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3476     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Ff(21)1015
3477     1977 y Fm(W)1015 2043 y Ff(write)14 b(timeouts)7 b Fe(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
3478     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
3479     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)20 b Ff(11)p
3480     eop
3481     %%Page: -1 55
3482     bop 1937 -58 a Fn(i)0 183 y Fk(T)-7 b(able)15 b(of)g(Con)n(ten)n(ts)0
3483     358 y Fm(So)r(c)n(k)n(et)p Fc(++)22 b Fm(Library)j(Cop)n(yrigh)n(t)f(Notice)
3484     14 b Fb(:)c(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
3485     (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)36 b Fm(1)0 498 y(Ac)n(kno)n(wledgmen)n(ts)14
3486     b Fb(:)c(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
3487     (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
3488     (:)h(:)f(:)36 b Fm(2)0 638 y(1)67 b(Ov)n(erview)23 b(of)f(So)r(c)n(k)n(et)p
3489     Fc(++)g Fm(Library)c Fb(:)10 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)
3490     h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)38 b Fm(3)0 778 y(2)67
3491     b Fc(sockbuf)21 b Fm(Class)6 b Fb(:)i(:)j(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h
3492     (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
3493     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)28 b Fm(4)149
3494     856 y Fn(2.1)45 b(Constructors)10 b Fa(:)c(:)h(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)
3495     g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
3496     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
3497     (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)24 b Fn(4)149 918 y(2.2)45 b(Destructor)11
3498     b Fa(:)c(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
3499     (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
3500     (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)26
3501     b Fn(5)149 980 y(2.3)45 b(Reading)16 b(and)g(W)l(riting)10
3502     b Fa(:)e(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
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3505     b(Establishing)17 b(connections)5 b Fa(:)j(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
3506     h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
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3508     Fn(9)149 1105 y(2.5)45 b(Getting)15 b(and)g(Setting)h(So)q(c)o(k)o(et)f
3509     (Options)g Fa(:)7 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
3510     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)28
3511     b Fn(9)149 1167 y(2.6)45 b(Time)16 b(Outs)f(While)i(Reading)f(and)f(W)l
3512     (riting)9 b Fa(:)g(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)
3513     f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)24 b Fn(11)0 1292
3514     y Fm(3)67 b(so)r(c)n(kAddr)23 b(Class)10 b Fb(:)f(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
3515     (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
3516     (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)32 b Fm(13)0 1432
3517     y(4)67 b(so)r(c)n(kinetbuf)23 b(Class)8 b Fb(:)h(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
3518     (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
3519     (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)31 b Fm(14)149 1510 y Fn(4.1)45
3520     b(Metho)q(ds)10 b Fa(:)e(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
3521     (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
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3523     (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)25 b Fn(14)149 1572 y(4.2)45 b Fi(inet)17
3524     b Fn(Datagram)c(So)q(c)o(k)o(ets)e Fa(:)c(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
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3526     (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)26 b
3527     Fn(16)149 1634 y(4.3)45 b Fi(inet)17 b Fn(Stream)e(So)q(c)o(k)o(ets)10
3528     b Fa(:)c(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
3529     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
3530     (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)25 b Fn(17)0 1759 y Fm(5)67
3531     b(so)r(c)n(kinetaddr)24 b(Class)15 b Fb(:)8 b(:)j(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
3532     (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
3533     (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)38 b Fm(19)0 1899 y(6)67 b(so)r(c)n(kunixbuf)24
3534     b(Class)13 b Fb(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h
3535     (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
3536     (:)36 b Fm(21)149 1977 y Fn(6.1)45 b(Metho)q(ds)10 b Fa(:)e(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
3537     (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
3538     (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
3539     (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)25 b
3540     Fn(21)149 2039 y(6.2)45 b Fi(unix)19 b Fn(Datagram)14 b(So)q(c)o(k)o(ets)5
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3543     (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fn(21)149 2101 y(6.3)45 b Fi(unix)19
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3545     (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
3546     (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)28
3547     b Fn(23)0 2226 y Fm(7)67 b(so)r(c)n(kunixaddr)25 b(Class)7
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3549     (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)30
3550     b Fm(25)0 2366 y(8)67 b(so)r(c)n(kstream)21 b(Classes)10 b
3551     Fb(:)f(:)h(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)
3552     f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)33
3553     b Fm(26)149 2444 y Fn(8.1)45 b(ioso)q(c)o(kstreams)11 b Fa(:)6
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3556     (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)26 b Fn(26)299
3557     2506 y(8.1.1)44 b(iso)q(c)o(kstream)15 b(Class)10 b Fa(:)d(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)
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3559     (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)25 b
3560     Fn(26)299 2568 y(8.1.2)44 b(oso)q(c)o(kstream)14 b(Class)5
3561     b Fa(:)i(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
3562     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
3563     (:)f(:)20 b Fn(27)299 2630 y(8.1.3)44 b(ioso)q(c)o(kstream)14
3564     b(Class)9 b Fa(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)
3565     f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
3566     (:)f(:)g(:)24 b Fn(27)p eop
3567     %%Page: -2 56
3568     bop 1925 -58 a Fn(ii)149 42 y(8.2)45 b(ioso)q(c)o(kinet)16
3569     b(Stream)f(Classes)e Fa(:)7 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
3570     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
3571     (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)28 b Fn(28)299 104 y(8.2.1)44
3572     b(iso)q(c)o(kinet)8 b Fa(:)h(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
3573     (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
3574     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)23
3575     b Fn(28)299 166 y(8.2.2)44 b(ioso)q(c)o(kinet)16 b(examples)10
3576     b Fa(:)e(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
3577     (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)25
3578     b Fn(29)149 228 y(8.3)45 b(ioso)q(c)o(kunix)16 b(Classes)5
3579     b Fa(:)j(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
3580     (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
3581     (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)20 b Fn(30)299 291
3582     y(8.3.1)44 b(iso)q(c)o(kunix)17 b(class)10 b Fa(:)d(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
3583     (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
3584     (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)25
3585     b Fn(31)299 353 y(8.3.2)44 b(ioso)q(c)o(kunix)16 b(examples)t
3586     Fa(:)9 b(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
3587     (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)19
3588     b Fn(31)0 477 y Fm(9)67 b(pip)r(estream)23 b(Classes)10 b Fb(:)e(:)i(:)h(:)f
3589     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
3590     (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)33 b Fm(33)149 555
3591     y Fn(9.1)45 b(pip)q(estream)16 b(as)f(pip)q(e)10 b Fa(:)f(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
3592     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
3593     (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h
3594     (:)f(:)g(:)25 b Fn(34)149 617 y(9.2)45 b(pip)q(estream)16 b(as)f(so)q(c)o(k)o
3595     (etpair)e Fa(:)7 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)
3596     g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
3597     (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)28 b Fn(34)149 680 y(9.3)45 b(pip)q(estream)16
3598     b(as)f(p)q(op)q(en)e Fa(:)7 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
3599     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
3600     (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)27 b Fn(35)0
3601     804 y Fm(10)66 b(F)-6 b(ork)24 b(Class)13 b Fb(:)c(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)
3602     f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
3603     (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)36
3604     b Fm(37)149 882 y Fn(10.1)45 b(F)l(ork)14 b(Example)6 b Fa(:)i(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)
3605     g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
3606     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
3607     (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)21 b Fn(38)0 1007 y Fm(11)66
3608     b(Class)22 b(proto)r(col)11 b Fb(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
3609     (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
3610     (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)34 b Fm(40)149 1084 y Fn(11.1)45
3611     b(Class)15 b(proto)q(col::proto)q(colbuf)10 b Fa(:)c(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
3612     (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
3613     (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)24 b Fn(40)0
3614     1209 y Fm(12)66 b(Ec)n(ho)23 b(Class)8 b Fb(:)h(:)h(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
3615     (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
3616     (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)31
3617     b Fm(42)299 1287 y Fn(12.0.1)43 b(tsec)o(ho.C)10 b Fa(:)c(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h
3618     (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
3619     (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
3620     (:)g(:)h(:)24 b Fn(42)299 1349 y(12.0.2)43 b(tcec)o(ho.C)8
3621     b Fa(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
3622     (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
3623     (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)23 b Fn(42)0 1474 y
3624     Fm(13)66 b(SMTP)23 b(Class)9 b Fb(:)g(:)h(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
3625     (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
3626     (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)32 b Fm(44)299 1551
3627     y Fn(13.0.1)43 b(tcsm)o(tp.C)13 b Fa(:)7 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)
3628     f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
3629     (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)28
3630     b Fn(45)0 1676 y Fm(14)66 b(Error)24 b(Handling)7 b Fb(:)12
3631     b(:)e(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
3632     (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)30
3633     b Fm(47)0 1816 y(15)66 b(Pitfalls)11 b Fb(:)h(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
3634     (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
3635     (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)34
3636     b Fm(48)0 1956 y(Index)7 b Fb(:)12 b(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
3637     (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
3638     (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
3639     (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)30 b Fm(50)p eop
3640     %%Trailer
3641     end
3642     userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if
3643     %%EOF